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161-450: Shiva is first introduced as an antagonist to martial artist Richard Dragon , believing him to be a spy responsible for the murder of her sister, Carolyn. In reality, Carolyn's murder was orchestrated by Guano Cravat, a corrupt businessman whose criminal ambitions had been foiled by Dragon. Cravat convinced Woosan that Dragon killed Carolyn, deliberately pitting her against Dragon in an act of revenge. To avenge her twin sister, Woosan becomes

322-446: A tengu mask, making sure that his death was both witnessed and relayed to his best students. Shiva then makes Batman wear the mask while performing training missions. He is then ambushed by the master's students, who mistake him for the "Tengu Mask warrior". He defeats all of them in turn, but Shiva attempts to complete Batman's training by manipulating him into killing an opponent using her fatal Leopard Blow . Batman simply feigns using

483-439: A "warrior's passion" in him that was lacking skills, and felt that she had been proved correct since he faced her a second time knowing she had destroyed him the first. Shiva concluded that she had been right about him and Richard wrong, but Sage proposed that maybe he had just been curious what would happen if they fought again, which would make Richard right. Sage adopted the identity of The Question again, futilely trying to save

644-478: A Lazarus Pit to reveal the truth of her heritage, and fight her once more. On reviving her, Shiva admits that the reason she agreed to give birth was that she hoped her child would be the one to kill her. In an evenly matched battle, Cassandra breaks Shiva's neck, paralyzing her. She appears ready to place Shiva in the Lazarus Pit, but Shiva pleads with her not to do so. In response, Cassandra impales Shiva on

805-646: A broader sense, the area of historical Manchuria includes the aforementioned regions plus the Amur river basin, parts of which were ceded to the Russian Empire by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty during the Amur Annexation of 1858–1860. The parts of Manchuria ceded to Russia are collectively known as Outer Manchuria or Russian Manchuria, which include present-day Amur Oblast , Primorsky Krai ,

966-556: A community in Jilin (Kirin), where both Manchu and Chinese Bannermen were settled at a town called Wulakai, and eventually the Chinese Bannermen there could not be differentiated from Manchus since they were effectively Manchufied (assimilated). The Han civilian population was in the process of absorbing and mixing with them when Lattimore wrote his article. Around the time of World War I , Zhang Zuolin established himself as

1127-534: A conversation he had with The Question in the Question series, contradicting at least some of Chuck Dixon's Richard Dragon series. The 52 series is also where Richard's former student, Vic Sage, dies from cancer. In 2011, The New 52 rebooted the DC universe. Richard Dragon was visited by Ricardo Diaz Jr. and trained him in martial arts. When Richard Dragon tried to teach him about peace, patience, and compassion, he

1288-540: A death wish herself, really only traveling and fighting in search of her own death. Batgirl thus defeats Shiva. In Gail Simone 's Birds of Prey series, during a joint hunt with Black Canary for the murderer of a shared, beloved sensei, a sensei Shiva so respected that she has vowed to never use anything he taught her in a fight where her goal was the death of her opponent, Shiva is beaten and kidnapped by supervillain Cheshire . Cheshire ties up, gags and locks Shiva in

1449-654: A distinct geographical entity, and that "Manchuria" ( Manzhou ) was used as a toponym by the Chinese. According to Elliott, the Manchu imperial lineage believed that their original homeland was the Changbai Mountains . The Qing court endeavored to create a regional identity focused on the Changbai Mountains, which gradually became a symbol of Manchu identity. However, it is uncertain whether that notion

1610-741: A few days every winter, and it is never heavy. This explains why corresponding latitudes of North America were fully glaciated during glacial periods of the Quaternary while Manchuria, though even colder, always remained too dry to form glaciers  – a state of affairs enhanced by stronger westerly winds from the surface of the ice sheet in Europe. Manchuria was the homeland of several ethnic groups, including Manchu , Mongols , Koreans , Nanai , Nivkhs , Ulchs , Hui , possibly Turkic peoples , and ethnic Han Chinese in southern Manchuria. Various ethnic groups and their respective kingdoms, including

1771-569: A fortune in embezzled funds stored in Hatch's abandoned home, and sets fire to the money. Later, she nurses the Question's elderly friend Tot back to health. While the Question puzzles over her inscrutable and violent nature, she confesses that the O-Sensei was "the one man I am certain I would not harm if he kissed me". When Batman discovers that the remains of the O-Sensei's wife had been moved to

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1932-530: A hook hanging over the pit, apparently killing her. Although Cassandra's intent regarding this action is left ambiguous, whether to kill her or let her fall into the pit and be revived, it has been confirmed that Shiva is alive in One Year Later . Cassandra then abandons the identity of Batgirl and returns to her life as a wanderer. During the Infinite Crisis storyline, Shiva later appears as

2093-506: A kingpin, the character would be prompted to seek revenge after witnessing Green Arrow kill his father. Eventually finding the League of Assassins, he was mentored by Richard Drakunvoski in martial arts but rejected his more peaceful philosophies and killed his master before adopting his moniker. The Ricardo Diaz incarnation of the character appears in Arrow , portrayed by Kirk Acevedo . As

2254-426: A kiss on the forehead. After locating Green Arrow, she meets Black Canary for the first time, and spars with the hero. Although Canary does not know it at the time, the two had both studied under Sensei Otomo, though non-concurrently. After recruiting Green Arrow, Shiva returns to Hub City, and saves the Question from an attack by former employees of the now-dead Reverend Hatch. Shiva kills the men, who had been after

2415-520: A martial arts dojo in Manhattan, and Richard would go on to battle international threats such as Telegram Sam, the Preying Mantis, the League of Assassins, and his former superior, Barney Ling. Thirsty for revenge, Cravat would arrange for the murder of Carolyn Wu-San, one of O-Sensei's god-daughters. Aided by Barney Ling, Cravat tricked Carolyn's sister, Sandra Wu-San , into believing Dragon

2576-465: A martial arts form. She would learn what she could from them and, depending on their skill and personal whim, kill them when they were of no further use to her. In further pursuit of her art, Shiva tracks the defeats of martial arts masters to discover new techniques. In this way, she develops an interest in the defeat of Koroshi, master of the art of empty-handed fighting . Gaining no information from Koroshi himself, she begins to search for King Snake ,

2737-666: A master combatant. During the course of her training, she discovers that she is a prodigy , rapidly mastering several martial arts and eventually dubbing herself "Lady" Shiva. When Shiva tracks Dragon down and lures him to Cravat's hideout, Dragon reveals Cravat's deception. The Swiss, Carolyn's real murderer and Cravat's underling, had already died in battle with Dragon, rendering Shiva's vendetta moot. Afterward, she briefly takes up crimefighting with Dragon and fellow martial artist Ben Turner , to allay her feelings of purposelessness, saying "I tolerate Dragon because danger seems to cling to him like flies to honey... and without danger my life

2898-531: A member of Alexander Luthor Jr. 's Secret Society of Super Villains . In the 2006 " One Year Later " storyline, having switched places with Black Canary to allow them both to experience each other's life experiences, Shiva joins Oracle 's covert team of female operatives known as the Birds of Prey (with Canary hoping that spending time with them would soften Shiva), using the name "Jade Canary". Shiva remains unchanged, however. Oracle semiseriously refers to Shiva as

3059-478: A mercenary for money, challenge, and perfection of her skills. Eventually, she crosses paths with the League of Assassins , and its leader, Ra's al Ghul , and begins an on-and-off association with them. Though she has kept close ties with the League, she sometimes works against their interests, as seen during Batman: Legacy . While training prospective assassins, mercenaries, and terrorists in war-torn country, she

3220-467: A message for Black Canary: "Tell the Canary, I release her". Stripped of her chance to mold Black Canary in her own image, and stripped of Sin, the young girl who was next in line as her successor, Shiva is last seen talking to Bethany Thorne, daughter of the late Crime Doctor . It appears that she is yet again hoping to train a new heir in the art of her lethal form of martial arts. Still, although Shiva

3381-487: A new name for their ethnic group. However neither the name Manchu or the Chinese rendering of Manshū as Manzhou ever acquired geographical connotations, while in Japanese, both Manchuria and Manchu are rendered as Manshū . According to Nakami Tatsuo, Manzhou was used to refer to Manchu people or one of their states rather than a region: "Originally, Manzhou was the name of the Manchu people or of their state; it

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3542-445: A pair of kusarigama . In full gear she appears to have an extremely long, auburn braid with blades embedded in the hair that can be used offensively, but this is merely a wig connected to her mask. With the hooded mask off, her hair is shown to be black, and while it appears cropped in one issue, it is medium length in following issues. The character December Greystone is extremely similar in appearance to Lady Shiva's pre-New 52 look, but

3703-632: A powerful warlord with influence over most of Manchuria. During his rule, the Manchurian economy grew tremendously, backed by the immigration of Chinese from other parts of China. The Japanese assassinated him on 2 June 1928, in what is known as the Huanggutun Incident . Following the Mukden Incident in 1931 and the subsequent Japanese invasion of Manchuria , the Japanese declared Manchuria an "independent state", and appointed

3864-503: A reanimated Black Lantern , arrives on the scene and attacks them. Using his new supernatural abilities, Sage effortlessly defeats Shiva and tries to kill her by tearing out her heart. However, Shiva realizes that the Black Lanterns feed on human emotion, and cuts herself off from all feeling through the use of meditation , rendering her invisible to Sage. After the others on the scene do the same, Victor angrily departs. During

4025-727: A remaining Chinese region (known as Manchuria). In modern literature, "Manchuria" usually refers to Manchuria in China. As a result of the Treaties of Aigun and Peking, Qing China lost access to the Sea of Japan . Manchuria in China also came under strong Russian influence with the building of the Chinese Eastern Railway through Harbin to Vladivostok . In the Chuang Guandong movement, many Han farmers, mostly from

4186-642: A secret, perfected language that only they could share. Out of love for her sister, Sandra held back in her spars with Carolyn. The assassin David Cain saw this restraint in Sandra one day when he visited Detroit to see the siblings perform. Considering Sandra a kindred spirit, Cain murdered Carolyn to remove the obstruction that blunted Sandra's true potential. Discovering that David Cain had murdered her sister, Sandra hunted him down, only to be lured into an ambush by Ra's al Ghul's League of Assassins, of which Cain

4347-404: A similar manner. Speaking about her childhood, Sin says that Ra's al Ghul 's League of Assassins ran the village where she and Shiva were born and raised. The sisters moved to Detroit, Michigan , using the names Sandra and Carolyn Wu-San. There, they devoted their time to practicing the martial arts. Because of the girls' young ages, talent, and unique bond as sisters, their practice evolved into

4508-409: A small island, Shiva, the O-Sensei, Green Arrow, and the Question set out for the island, only to be caught in a storm. The O-Sensei is lost overboard, but the group discovers that his wife's remains had likewise been mislaid, years earlier, while in transport, leaving O-Sensei's promise fulfilled. When Hub City falls victim to rapid, systemic urban decay , Shiva returns to offer her services to one of

4669-470: A sociopath, and refuses to call Shiva by the Jade Canary title, even though Shiva (as part of the deal with Canary) has taken to wearing Black Canary's boots and trademark fishnet stockings (though she hates wearing them). Shiva continues to perform solo work, and visits Robin to assist him (much to Robin's chagrin) in discovering the truth behind Batgirl's recent disappearance and recent upheaval within

4830-1252: A technicality, they need not continue the battle to the death immediately and can pick it up at any time in the future. In The New 52 (a 2011 reboot of the DC Comics universe), Lady Shiva appears in Nightwing (vol. 3) #0. While initially meant only to provide information, Dick Grayson enters the field against orders when Batman is wounded. He fights her in his debut as Robin with a costume composed of spare Bat costume parts. Lady Shiva easily defeats him but praises his fighting skills and tells him he has too much potential to stay in Batman's shadow. Before leaving, Shiva tells Dick Grayson to come find her once he's ready to unlock his full potential. In issue #13, she returns to Gotham City several years later to kill another target and Dick Grayson, now Nightwing, sets out to stop her. He's surprised to see that she remembers him from their first encounter and even more so when she praises his progress since their last meeting. She repeats that he's squandering his natural talent by not learning from her. Shiva completes her mission by throwing an axe at

4991-609: A teenage sneak thief in Japan , young Richard Dragon broke into a dojo outside of Kyoto to steal a priceless jade Buddha . Before he could get away, Dragon was caught and beaten by the dojo's teenage student, Ben Turner . O-Sensei, the dojo's master, saw something worth nurturing in Richard, and for the next seven years taught Ben and Richard, side by side, mastery of the martial arts. Richard came to find an inner peace, only using his skill when absolutely necessary. Once he felt there

Lady Shiva - Misplaced Pages Continue

5152-426: A victory against Batman in the past. Shiva believes that his files on her would be out of date, and that she would be able to defeat her "old self". She seems unconcerned about the skills of the other 29 fighters, and apparently decides to attack Prometheus head-on. Prometheus, however, has more up-to-date files than Shiva suspected, and in three seconds knocks her to the ground. After this defeat, Shiva vanishes, leaving

5313-410: A warrior and protector of the village. Eventually, Shiva flees the village with her sister. Years later, when the heroine Black Canary visits the village to experience Shiva's training, a village child named Sin is held hostage by the villagers, with the promise that if Canary fails to become the warrior-protector of the village, Sin is to take her place, suggesting that Shiva's sister was once used in

5474-634: Is a calque of Latin of the Japanese placename Manshū ( 満州 , "Region of the Manchus"), which dates from the 18th century. According to the American researcher Mark C. Elliott, the term Manshū first appeared as a placename in Katsuragawa Hoshū's 1794 work Hokusa Bunryaku in two maps, "Ashia zenzu" and "Chikyū hankyū sōzu", which were also created by Katsuragawa. According to Junko Miyawaki-Okada, Japanese geographer Takahashi Kageyasu

5635-478: Is a male and spell caster. In all of her appearances so far, she has soundly defeated nearly every opponent, including Batman, Nightwing, and Arsenal. But when she engages Red Hood, her own arrogance gets the better of her, as he is able to defeat her with a simple chop to the neck that she taught him long ago, as a way of balancing their sparring lessons because she believed he could never actually beat her without using "shortcuts". In DC Rebirth , Shiva appears in

5796-532: Is able to defeat all of them with the help of his young half-sister, Emiko. Green Arrow is then reunited with his old partner, John Diggle, after Dragon attempts to kill Diggle by defenestration. In a fight against both Arrow and Diggle, Dragon is able to significantly injure both of them, but is ultimately defeated. Several characters have undergone training with Richard Dragon: The Question, Huntress, Oracle, Renee Montoya, and Lady Shiva. He's also trained Dick Grayson, Batman, and Connor Hawke although they appeared in

5957-559: Is also home to many Mongols and Hui . In present-day Chinese, an inhabitant of the Northeast is a "Northeasterner" ( 东北人 ; Dōngběirén ). "The Northeast" is a term that expresses the entire region, encompassing its history and various cultures. It is usually restricted to the "Three East Provinces" or "Three Northeast Provinces", excluding northeastern Inner Mongolia. In China, the term Manchuria ( traditional Chinese : 滿洲 ; simplified Chinese : 满洲 ; pinyin : Mǎnzhōu )

6118-599: Is approached by Jason Todd , the second Robin , and his guardian Batman, acting on evidence that she had associated with Todd's father, and speculating that she might be his mother. Eager to finally face Batman uninterrupted, Shiva knocks Robin unconscious and challenges the Dark Knight. Initially underestimating Shiva, Batman soon learns that her skills are such that she could kill him, and begins to fight in earnest. It takes intervention from Robin to knock Shiva unconscious and subdue her for interrogation. When asked if she

6279-464: Is believed to possess mystical properties, it is widely speculated that the totem primarily serves as a focal point for Dragon's concentration and does not inherently possess its own supernatural powers. During moments of intense adversity, the Dragon's Claw enables Dragon to channel and direct his own qi (life energy) in a focused manner, aiding him in challenging situations. Similar to his predecessor,

6440-465: Is confronted outside by every single living Birds of Prey Agent Oracle has ever recruited, who warn her against ever going after Oracle again; Lady Shiva is among them. When Barbara later asks the others who called Shiva, no one responds. During the events of the " Blackest Night ", Shiva tracks down Renee Montoya , the new Question, and tells her she intends to test her in battle. The two women begin their duel, only to be interrupted when Victor Sage, now

6601-493: Is controversial" based on reasons outlined by Mariko Asano Tamanoi in the "Introduction" of Crossed Histories: Manchuria in the Age of Empire (2005). According to Tamanoi, "'Manchuria' is a product of Japanese imperialism, and to call the area Manzhou is to accept uncritically a Japanese colonial legacy." Japan used the name "Manchuria" to convey the idea of a contested region distinct from China while China insisted on its ownership of

Lady Shiva - Misplaced Pages Continue

6762-418: Is empty!" Dragon, in hopes that she might follow his example and use her skills for good, coaxes her to explore the spiritual side of martial arts, to no apparent success. When the three eventually part ways, Shiva begins a wandering existence, training herself further, and eventually parlaying her skills into a career as a master assassin. Shiva is born in a shanty town, in an unknown country, and raised to be

6923-425: Is her mother, but cannot provoke Cain into an admission. She embarks on a search for Shiva, eventually finding her as the new sensei of the League of Assassins under the leadership of Nyssa Raatko , Ra's al Ghul's eldest daughter. In battle, Cassandra sacrifices her life to save former League member Tigris from an attack by her own unsuccessful experimental predecessor, Mad Dog. Shiva decides to resurrect Cassandra in

7084-588: Is later revealed to be a League of Assassins member who taught Red Hood along with Bronze Tiger. She fights alongside Bronze Tiger, Cheshire, December Graystone, Rictus, and Red Hood as the Untitled infiltrated the League of Assassin's secret city. Instead of her traditional black coat, the New 52 version of Shiva has appeared in a teal kabuki-like garb and mask, and is shown to be a master of weapons and martial arts, going to battle with throwing knives, swords, and usually

7245-406: Is newly impaired by a telepath's forcible inculcation of the ability to speak. Wanting to fight Batgirl at her peak, Shiva spares her life, and promises to retrain her on the condition that they have a rematch in one year. The secret to being undefeatable, Shiva explains, is to not fear death, even to seek it. Under Shiva's care, Batgirl soon regains her abilities. Shiva reappears to fight Batgirl at

7406-578: Is no longer an active member of the Birds of Prey, she continues to be protective of her former teammates. Such is the case when the Birds of Prey are being threatened by Spy Smasher , who attempts to steal control away from Oracle. After a mission in Russia , Oracle and Spy Smasher fight against one another for control of the team. Although Oracle is unable to use her legs, she is victorious, although Spy Smasher attempts to go back on their deal. Unfortunately, she

7567-464: Is not a lethal weapon, and Drake explains that was the reason he had chosen it. At the end of his training, he defeats Shiva in a sparring match with the bo by using a whistle to distract her, and she gives him a collapsible bo staff. Eventually, they discover that the Ghost Dragons are creating a virulent plague . Robin, Shiva, and ally Clyde Rawlins attempt to stop them from releasing it, but

7728-480: Is rarely used today, and the term is often negatively associated with the Japanese imperial legacy and the puppet state of Manchukuo . The Northeast ( Tōhoku ) was also used as a name for Manchuria by the Japanese during the 1920s and 1930s. Manchuria consists mainly of the northern side of the funnel-shaped North China Craton , a large area of tilled and overlaid Precambrian rocks spanning 100 million hectares (250 million acres). The North China Craton

7889-549: Is visually inspired by Bruce Lee 's character, Lee, from Enter the Dragon . Dragon appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure . A poster of Richard Dragon appears in Young Justice #0. Manchuria Manchuria is a term that refers to a region in northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day northeast China , and historically parts of

8050-484: Is well-documented. In addition to his combat prowess, Richard Dragon is a learned philosopher, particularly in matters pertaining to leading a heroic life. He has provided guidance to notable individuals such as the Huntress and Wonder Woman, offering insights into the correct paths they should follow. Richard Dragon possesses a mystical artifact called the Dragon's Claw, which is a talisman of significance. While it

8211-642: The Qing shilu the lands of the Qing state (including Manchuria and present-day Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Tibet) are thus identified as "the Middle Kingdom" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages in roughly two-thirds of the cases, while the term refers to the traditional Chinese provinces populated by the Han in roughly one third of the cases. It was also common to use "China" ( Zhongguo , Dulimbai gurun ) to refer to

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8372-611: The Evenk - Daur federation led by the Evenki chief Bombogor and beheaded Bombogor in 1640, with Qing armies massacring and deporting Evenkis and absorbing the survivors into the Banners . Chinese cultural and religious influence such as Chinese New Year, the " Chinese god ", motifs such as the dragon, spirals, and scrolls, agriculture, husbandry, methods of heating, and material goods such as iron cooking-pots, silk, and cotton spread among

8533-647: The Great Wall of China and the Willow Palisade . Chinese tenant farmers rented or even claimed title to land from the "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands in the area. Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, Han Chinese settled the path linking Jinzhou , Fengtian , Tieling , Changchun , Hulun , and Ningguta during the Qianlong Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese had become

8694-548: The Hindu representation of the lord of destruction. She pays them little attention, occasionally using them as lackeys or killing them when it suits her whims. Some of her followers have even created temples to honor her victories, one of which is in Gotham, which she later destroys. At age 8, Shiva's daughter Cassandra flees from David Cain, horrified after killing a man with her bare hands on her first assassination. She then wanders

8855-475: The Jewish Autonomous Oblast , the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai , and the eastern edge of Zabaykalsky Krai . The name Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endonym " Manchu ") of Japanese origin. The history of "Manchuria" ( Manzhou ) as a toponym in China is disputed, with some scholars believing it was never used while others believe it was by the late 19th century. The area

9016-470: The League of Assassins where his sensei taught him to become a living weapon. He claims that when his sensei also taught him patience and compassion, which he perceived to be a weakness, he killed his sensei and took his name. Diaz/Dragon places a 30-million-dollar bounty on Green Arrow, which three members of the Longbow Hunters ( Brick , Killer Moth , and Red Dart ) intend to split. Green Arrow

9177-421: The League of Assassins . The first incarnation, Richard Drakunovski , was created by Dennis O'Neil and James R. Berry in the novel Kung Fu Master, Richard Dragon: Dragon's Fists (1974) under the pseudonym "Jim Dennis". O'Neil later adapted the character for DC Comics in the comic book Richard Dragon, Kung Fu Fighter . A thief who was trained in martial arts and decided to use his skills for good,

9338-765: The Liaoshen Campaign and took complete control over Manchuria. With the encouragement of the Soviet Union, Manchuria was then used as a staging ground during the Chinese Civil War for the Chinese Communist Party , which emerged victorious in 1949. Ambiguities in the treaties that ceded Outer Manchuria to Russia led to disputes over the political status of several islands. The Kuomintang government in Taiwan (Formosa) complained to

9499-404: The Longbow Hunters . In Green Arrow (vol. 5) #32 the character identifies himself as Ricardo Diaz Jr. , the namesake son of a drug kingpin who had been killed by John Diggle (posing as Green Arrow). In addition, he also killed the original Richard Dragon and took his moniker for his own use. He revealed that after his father's death and the fall of his criminal empire, he sought out and found

9660-493: The O-Sensei , former instructor of Richard Dragon and Bronze Tiger . After living over 150 years, he has finally decided to die. He intends to keep a promise to his wife, and be buried alongside her, but his wife's family had hidden her remains to punish him for abandoning her. The O-Sensei has Shiva select three warriors to aid him in the search for her remains: the Question, Green Arrow , and Batman . Reluctant to acknowledge

9821-739: The Shandong peninsula moved there. By 1921, Harbin, northern Manchuria's largest city, had a population of 300,000, including 100,000 Russians . Japan replaced Russian influence in the southern half of Manchuria as a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904–1905. Most of the southern branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway was transferred from Russia to Japan, and became the South Manchurian Railway . Japanese influence extended into Outer Manchuria in

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9982-765: The Sixteen Prefectures in Northern China as well. The Liao dynasty became the first state to control all of Manchuria. In the early 12th century, the Tungusic Jurchen people, who were Liao's tributaries, overthrew the Liao and formed the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) , which went on to control parts of Northern China and Mongolia after a series of successful military campaigns . During the Mongol Yuan dynasty rule of China (1271–1368), Manchuria

10143-636: The Sushen , Donghu , Xianbei , Wuhuan , Mohe , Khitan and Jurchens , have risen to power in Manchuria. Koreanic kingdoms such as Gojoseon (before 108 BCE), Buyeo (2nd century BCE to 494 CE) and Goguryeo (37 BCE to 688 CE) also became established in large parts of this area. The Chinese Qin (221–206 BCE), Han (202 BCE–9 CE and 25 CE–220 CE), Cao Wei (220–266), Western Jin (266–316), and Tang (618–690 and 705–907) dynasties controlled parts of Manchuria. Parts of northwestern Manchuria came under

10304-736: The Yalta Conference in February 1945, Joseph Stalin had agreed that the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan within three months after Germany surrendered . Accordingly, in August the Soviet Union issued its declaration of war and launched the Soviet invasion of Manchuria . Soon afterwards, the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) started fighting for control over Manchuria. The communists won in

10465-750: The Yongle Emperor ( r.  1402–1424 ), establishing the Nurgan Regional Military Commission of 1409–1435. Starting in the 1580s, a Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain, Nurhaci (1558–1626), started to unify Jurchen tribes of the region. Over the next several decades, the Jurchen took control of most of Manchuria . In 1616 Nurhaci founded the Later Jin dynasty, which later became known as the Qing dynasty . The Qing defeated

10626-400: The 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk . Despite migration restrictions, Qing rule saw massively increasing numbers of Han Chinese both illegally and legally streaming into Manchuria and settling down to cultivate land – Manchu landlords desired Han Chinese peasants to rent their land and to grow grain; most Han Chinese migrants were not evicted as they crossed the Great Wall and Willow Palisade. During

10787-406: The 1690s, smallpox epidemics reduced Yukagir numbers by an estimated 44 percent." At the behest of people like Vasilii Poyarkov in 1645 and Yerofei Khabarov in 1650, Russian Cossacks killed some peoples like the Daur people of Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang to the extent that some authors speak of genocide . The Daurs initially deserted their villages since they had heard about the cruelty of

10948-651: The 18th century, despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on Manchu and Mongol lands, the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China – who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought – into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia, so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s. The Qianlong Emperor ( r.  1735–1796 ) allowed Han Chinese peasants suffering from drought to move into Manchuria despite his having issued edicts in favor of banning them from 1740 to 1776. Han Chinese then streamed into Manchuria, both illegally and legally, over

11109-455: The 1960s, but has more recently signed agreements such as the 2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship , which affirm the current status quo; a minor exchange nonetheless occurred in 2004 at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers). Various senses of Greater Manchuria sometimes further include Sakhalin Island , which despite its lack of mention in treaties was shown as Qing territory on period Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and French maps of

11270-413: The 2004 series. Given that the version of Richard Dragon seen in 52 appeared to be the version seen prior to the 2004 retcon , the canonical nature of these students is unclear. In the New 52 , the Green Arrow villain who takes the name Richard Dragon (Ricardo Diaz, Jr.) is revealed to have killed the original man by that name, who had been his sensei, explaining the original Richard Dragon's absence from

11431-410: The Amur natives including the Udeghes , Ulchis , and Nanais . In 1644, after peasant rebels sacked the Ming dynasty 's capital of Beijing, the Jurchens (now called Manchus) allied with Ming general Wu Sangui and seized control of Beijing, overthrowing the short-lived Shun dynasty (1644–1649) and establishing Qing-dynasty rule (1644–1912) over all of China. The Manchu conquest of China involved

11592-631: The Brotherhood of the Monkey Fist's martial arts tournament under the alias "Paper Monkey". In a final, close battle, she fights and defeats Connor Hawke , the Green Arrow. As repayment for saving her life, Robin asks her to spare Connor. She relents, warning Robin that this use of her favor means she would challenge and kill him when he grew older. Over the years, Shiva amasses groups of followers who worship her as an incarnation of Shiva ,

11753-463: The Chinese but the People's Republic of China disapproved of it regardless. By the 1950s, Manzhou had virtually disappeared as a toponym although some still used it out of habit. The term Manchuria has been described as "controversial" or "troublesome" by several scholars including Mark C. Elliott, Norman Smith, and Mariko Asano Tamanoi. The historian Norman Smith wrote that "The term 'Manchuria'

11914-584: The Chinese, Russian and Japanese authorities and international disease experts held an 'International Plague Conference' in the northern city of Shenyang after the disease was under control to learn the lessons. It was reported that among Banner people, both Manchu and Chinese (Hanjun) in Aihun, Heilongjiang in the 1920s, would seldom marry with Han civilians, but they (Manchu and Chinese Bannermen) would mostly intermarry with each other. Owen Lattimore reported that during his January 1930 visit to Manchuria, he studied

12075-490: The Dragons escape with a few canisters. After tracking them to Hong Kong , they eventually defeat King Snake, though Rawlins dies in the attempt and Shiva mostly witnesses the proceedings. While King Snake hangs precariously on the ledge of a building, Shiva orders Robin to kill him to signify his "graduation" and become her "weapon". Robin refuses and leaves. Shiva then throws King Snake off the ledge herself, though he survives

12236-477: The Forum of The Twelve Caesars, and kills her in combat. Realizing that Batgirl had not given her all, Shiva revives her. Batgirl admits to harboring a death wish ever since Cain first forced her to kill; her ability to perfectly read the agony of her victim had deeply traumatized her. Having overcome her death wish, Batgirl fights Shiva again, shattering her sword. In the midst of battle, Batgirl accuses Shiva of having

12397-551: The Japanese along with Manchuria until the Mukden Incident of 1931. The area is home to many ethnic groups, including the Manchus , Mongols , Koreans , Nanai , Nivkhs , and Ulchs . Many of the early ancient Koreanic kingdoms were established in the area. It is the ancestral homeland to the Tungusic-speaking Jurchens and their descendants, the Manchus. Manchuria is now most often associated with

12558-535: The League of Assassins. She refuses to allow herself or Oracle's team to be involved, and instead trusts her former pupil to handle the situation. It appears that she holds no ill-will towards Cassandra as she informs Tim that she hopes that her daughter is well. During a recent mission, Oracle's team confronts the villain Prometheus , whose helmet allows him to copy the skills of 30 of the world's greatest martial artists, including Shiva herself. This had allowed him

12719-690: The Manchus and Mongols. Elliot notes that one scholar considered the use of "Manchuria" as not only inaccurate but giving approval to Japanese colonialism. During the Ming dynasty the area in which the Jurchens lived was referred to as Nurgan . During the Qing dynasty, the region was known as the "three eastern provinces" ( 東三省 ; 东三省 ; Dōngsānshěng ; Manchu   ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡳᠯᠠᠨ ᡤᠣᠯᠣ , Dergi Ilan Golo ), which referred to Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Fengtian since 1683 when Jilin and Heilongjiang were separated. However, Jilin and Heilongjiang did not receive

12880-636: The New 52. The first incarnation of Richard Dragon is not endowed with inherent superhuman abilities, but rather his mastery of martial arts allows him to create the illusion of possessing such capabilities. With expertise in both armed combat and unarmed techniques, Dragon is skilled in various conventional weapons but primarily relies on his unarmed skills. He has achieved mastery in all known hand-to-hand martial arts disciplines, which encompass styles such as Aikido , Muay Thai , Karate , Kung Fu , Judo , Pencak Silat , Taekwondo , Escrima , and Jeet Kune Do . His proficiency in these diverse martial arts forms

13041-590: The O-Sensei's death wish, Shiva expresses her ambivalence both verbally and physically, unnecessarily applying deadly force in battles with O-Sensei's assailants. Shiva and the O-Sensei then travel to Hub City, meeting with the Question, who, in turn, brokered Shiva's first meeting with Batman. Compelled to test his skill, Shiva immediately fights the vigilante only to be stopped by the O-Sensei. They do, however, convince Batman to aid them. In their search for Green Arrow , Shiva encounters slave traders, killing all except one, who successfully cuts her; she rewards him with

13202-481: The Qing in official documents, international treaties, and foreign affairs. In diplomatic documents, the term "Chinese language" ( Dulimbai gurun i bithe ) referred to the Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and the term "Chinese people" (中國人 Zhongguo ren; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all Han, Manchus, and Mongol subjects of the Qing. The Qing explicitly stated that the lands in Manchuria belonged to "China" (Zhongguo, Dulimbai gurun) in Qing edicts and in

13363-484: The Question further, shoot him in the head with an air gun, and dump him into the river. Seeing "a passion for combat" in the hero, Shiva rescues a near-death Question, and brings him to Richard Dragon's mountain hideaway, to give him a chance to fulfill his potential. In his civilian identity as Victor Sage, the Question enters Dragon's tutelage, training in combat and undergoing a spiritual awakening. On leaving Dragon, Sage meets Shiva, who orders him to fight her. She ends

13524-689: The Russians the first time Khabarov came. The second time he came, the Daurs decided to do battle against the Russians instead, but were slaughtered by Russian guns. The Russians came to be known as "red-beards". The Amur natives called Russian Cossacks luocha (羅剎), after demons in Buddhist mythology, because of their cruelty towards the Amur tribespeople, who were subjects of the Qing. The Qing viewed Russian proselytization of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to

13685-494: The S.E.C building door (to intimidate into initiating lockdown) but quickly realises that Nightwing was already injured before their fight. To Dick Grayson's surprise she says that him fighting at a disadvantage shows more than he knows and that he has too much skill to kill without a concrete reason. It is later revealed that Penguin hired her AND told Nightwing about her mission in the hopes that either he'd be saved from paying Shiva's high fees, or that she would kill Nightwing. She

13846-513: The actions of people in Hub City. For example, a man was using a dead baby to try and beg for 'milk money'. When Richard and the others uncovered this, he tossed the body into a nearby trash can. Dragon wordlessly met Lady Shiva, who had arrived on the outskirts of Hub City in the helicopter that was to take Sage and Dragon away - she wished to go toward and enjoy the chaos that Sage and Richard were rejecting. Shiva uses force and threats to ensure

14007-599: The agreement. Richard Dragon appears starting in Week 26 of the comic book 52 , in the mystic city of Nanda Parbat , where he starts to train former Gotham Detective Renee Montoya . His appearance matches that of the Richard Dragon seen before the Dixon reboot (albeit with a full head of long hair, as when training Question and Oracle, rather than balding when training Huntress). In this story Dragon makes references to

14168-598: The area of the Kwantung Leased Territory on the Liaodong Peninsula . It is not to be confused with the southern province of Guangdong . The term "Manchuria" is deprecated among people of the People's Republic of China (PRC) due to its association with Japanese imperialism , the puppet state of Manchukuo of the Empire of Japan , and Manchurian nationalism . Official state documents use

14329-575: The area. The drainage basin of the Amur River apart to the east towards Mongolia roughly corresponds to the geographical area of the historic land of the Manchu people. The northern boundary was marked by mountains. The geographical term "Manchuria" was first used in the 18th or 19th century by the Japanese . "Manchuria" – variations of which arrived in European languages through Dutch –

14490-583: The chair to make Sage let down his defenses - Sage was so "full of macho" that he would never have listened to him otherwise. The chair had not been just a charade, however. Richard revealed that he had allowed himself to be handicapped as part of his own learning process, going on to state "I was a teacher then. I am about to become something else. So I discard that option". The city had truly degenerated by this point with all pretense of law and order long lost. Richard, who had thought his studies had put him beyond such things, found himself shocked and horrified by

14651-577: The character is considered one of DC Comic's premier martial artists alongside peers such as Bronze Tiger , Lady Shiva , and Batman. In more recent continuities, the character himself is also depicted as a more benevolent member of the League of Assassins who was killed by a former student. In DC's New 52 continuity, a new villainous character who uses the alias is revealed to be the Green Arrow villain Ricardo Diaz Jr. Raised as son of

14812-564: The character is implied to be the son of the original Richard Dragon, Richard Drakunvonski. He participates in the League of Lazarus before Talia al Ghul offers him membership in the League of Shadows. Ricardo "Dragon" Diaz appears in media set in the Arrowverse , portrayed by Kirk Acevedo as an adult and Max Archibald as a young man. Richard Dragon appears in Batman: Soul of the Dragon , voiced by Mark Dacascos . This version

14973-492: The character revamped by Chuck Dixon and Scott McDaniel , only to be canceled after twelve issues. In this short series, Richard Dragon is a bullied school kid who enrolls in a karate dojo to better himself. The dojo's instructor was a "mail-order" black belt, who is later defeated by the Bronze Tiger. The Bronze Tiger then agrees to train young Dragon. He eventually meets and falls in love with Lady Shiva. Although he wins

15134-560: The character's title was canceled, Dragon became a supporting character in the 1980s series, The Question . The title character of that book, Vic Sage, was a masked crime-fighter based in Hub City , who came into conflict with Lady Shiva. After all but killing The Question, Shiva sent him to see Richard Dragon for training. Sage's stubborn streak made him near impossible for most people to teach. However, when he met Dragon he found himself reluctant to challenge his new sensei because Dragon

15295-552: The city and attacks on the anti-League military squad, the Colony. After a duel with her daughter Cassandra, Ra's Al Ghul appears and shoots Shiva with a rifle. Ra's takes her body with the intent of resurrecting her for questioning. Richard Dragon Richard Dragon (or simply Dragon ) is the alias of two characters appearing in media published by DC Comics . Although both incarnations differ in alignment, they are both portrayed as accomplished martial artists with connections to

15456-523: The city is limited, Oracle contacts Shiva, who agrees to help Batman. Together they defeat Ghul's men and prevent the virus from being released. Shiva later travels to an army base in Transbelvia to fight a young political rebel and martial artist named Dava Sbörsc , who specializes in undefeatable "single-blow techniques" and wishes to learn Shiva's Leopard Blow. Instead, Dava's friend, her former pupil Tim Drake , in his identity as Robin, jumps into

15617-422: The city. Just as Sage's doomed efforts to save Hub City threatened to destroy him, Dragon arrived to advise his student. Dragon finally convinced Sage that his crusade to save Hub City was no longer doing anything but destroying him. When Sage collapsed from exhaustion and his injuries, Richard revealed that he was capable of using his legs perfectly, and put Sage in the wheelchair. Dragon had realized he would need

15778-443: The city. Shiva explains that though the Question and his friends wished to leave, it is now a fit place for her to go toward. The Question and Shiva have a final exchange before he leaves. I never know what to say to you, Shiva. I'm afraid that if it's the wrong thing, you'll destroy me". "Ah. Then you have not yet understood the grand secret". "Which is?" "I cannot destroy you unless you permit me to". Shiva continues to work as

15939-705: The control of the First Turkic Khaganate of 552–603 and of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate of 581–630. Early Manchuria had a mixed economy of hunting, fishing, livestock, and agriculture. With the Song dynasty (960–1269) to the south, the Khitan people of Inner Mongolia created the Liao dynasty (916–1125) and conquered Outer Mongolia and Manchuria, going on to control the adjacent part of

16100-421: The death after breaking Black Canary's wrist, thereby making sure she would be killed. Both parties accept because White Canary dangles the life of Sin, Black Canary's adopted daughter, as her bait. However, the Huntress challenges Shiva instead and even manages to knock her down, to everyone's surprise, even after receiving many blows. The death match is stopped when Black Canary rescues Sin herself and points out

16261-616: The deaths of over 25 million people. The Qing dynasty built the Willow Palisade – a system of ditches and embankments – during the later 17th century to restrict the movement of Han civilians into Jilin and Heilongjiang. Only bannermen , including Han bannermen, were allowed to settle in Jilin and Heilongjiang . After conquering the Ming, the Qing often identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhongguo ; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun ("Middle Kingdom") in Manchu. In

16422-424: The deposed Qing emperor Puyi as puppet emperor of Manchukuo . Under Japanese control, Manchuria was brutally run, with a systematic campaign of terror and intimidation against the local populations including arrests, organised riots and other forms of subjugation. Manchukuo was used by Japan as a base to invade the rest of China. At that time, hundreds of thousands of Japanese settlers arrived in Manchuria . At

16583-643: The eighteenth century Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares of privately owned land in Manchuria and 203,583 hectares of lands which were part of courier stations, noble estates, and Banner lands; in garrisons and towns in Manchuria Han Chinese made up 80% of the population. The Qing resettled Han Chinese farmers from north China to the area along the Liao River in order to restore the land to cultivation. Han Chinese squatters reclaimed wasteland, and other Han rented land from Manchu landlords. By

16744-597: The end of the series, Dragon and Shiva are pitted in combat. Dragon gains the upper hand in the fight, and as he begins to deliver his death blow, Shiva's devout followers rush to save her, knocking Dragon away. Unhappy at this disturbance, Shiva attacks and possibly kills her followers before returning to kill Dragon with her signature move, the Leopard Claw. Dragon is, however, resurrected by the demonic Neron who wants Dragon to kill Shiva. Dragon refuses and walks away from Neron, saying that both had held up their parts of

16905-597: The events of the " Brightest Day " crossover, a new martial artist known as the White Canary comes to Gotham and sets a plan into motion to ruin Black Canary's life by framing her for the murder of a European terrorist. When Black Canary first encounters the White Canary, she muses that the villain may be Shiva in disguise. but later White Canary pits Black Canary against Lady Shiva in an honor bound match to

17066-485: The fall. After Bane breaks Batman's back, Batman seeks training from Shiva to help him regain his skills and fighting spirit (see Batman: Knightfall: KnightsEnd ). Though she deems him unworthy of her efforts, she devises a training regimen, out of respect for what he had been before his injuries. As part of this training, Shiva kills the Armless Master , a sensei notable for training Catwoman , while wearing

17227-498: The fight after only a few moves, and confirms her own suspicions of a "warrior's passion" in him, because he was willing to fight her even after his previous, crushing defeat. However, influenced by Dragon's philosophy, Sage proposes that he was simply "curious" what would happen if they fought again. Shiva leaves without telling Sage why she saved him, and Sage readopts the identity of the Question, returning to Hub City. Shiva eventually travels to Manchuria to visit with her godfather,

17388-422: The first three decades of the 20th century, implying that these regions were extensions of each other. Tamanoi notes that the name "Manchuria" cannot be found on Chinese maps and acknowledged that she "should use the term in quotation marks" even though she did not. Historian Bill Sewell denies that Manchuria is "a genuine geographic term", claiming the Japanese never viewed Manchuria as a discrete entity and it

17549-409: The flesh at the end of Detective Comics #950, observing Cassandra Cain from a rooftop. Batman later finds out from both Shiva herself and Ra's that she has separated from him & the League of Assassins, believing him to be too complacent with the wealthy and aiming for peace rather than destruction. She had taken Ra's' secret League of Shadows with her, and was responsible for multiple attacks across

17710-457: The fray in her place. Granted superspeed by a drug Dava gave him, and unused to its effects, Robin unwittingly uses lethal force, killing Shiva in battle. He quickly administers CPR , both reviving Shiva and dosing her with the drug. Thus enhanced, she kills attacking soldiers while Robin and Dava make their escape, vanishing immediately after. During the No Man's Land story arc, Shiva fights in

17871-626: The full function of provinces until 1907. The Japanese also used the name "Three Eastern Provinces" ( Tōsanshō ) during the 1920s and 1930s along with Manshū . However, after the Manchurian Incident of 1931, Tōsanshō was completely replaced by Manshū in Japanese usage while the Three Provinces and Northeast became the orthodox name for the same region in Chinese usage. Manchuria has been referred to as Guandong ( 關東 ; 关东 ; Guāndōng ), which literally means "east of

18032-484: The huge Pacific Ocean causes complete monsoonal wind reversal. In summer, when the land heats faster than the ocean, low-pressure forms over Asia and warm, moist south to southeasterly winds bring heavy, thundery rain, yielding annual rainfall ranging from 400 mm (16 in), or less in the west, to over 1,150 mm (45 in) in the Changbai Mountains . Temperatures in summer are very warm to hot, with July average maxima ranging from 31 °C (88 °F) in

18193-609: The indigenous peoples along the Amur River as a threat. In 1858 Russian diplomacy forced a weakening Qing dynasty to cede Manchuria north of the Amur to Russia under the Treaty of Aigun . In 1860, with the Treaty of Peking , the Russians managed to obtain a further large slice of Manchuria, east of the Ussuri River . As a result, Manchuria became divided into a Russian half (known as Outer Manchuria or Russian Manchuria), and

18354-484: The late 18th century, Manchus in Beijing were sent to Manchuria as part of a plan to reduce the burden on the court, but they tried to return by every means possible. With the exception of 20,000 to 30,000 soldiers and their families and a military colony established in the 1850s, Manchuria was devoid of Manchus. By 1900, 15 million of Manchuria's 17 million inhabitants were Han Chinese. The Russian conquest of Siberia

18515-407: The late 1920s, he found "no single Chinese name for Manchuria as a unit". Historical geographer Philippe Forêt concurred, noting that there is no word for Manchuria in either Chinese or Manchu languages. Another perspective delineated by scholars such as Mark C. Elliott and Li Narangoa argues that Manchu consciousness of their homeland as a unique place contributed to the creation of Manchuria as

18676-624: The majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. To increase the Imperial Treasury's revenue, the Qing sold formerly Manchu-only lands along the Sungari to Han Chinese at the beginning of the Daoguang Emperor 's 1820–1850 reign, and Han Chinese filled up most of Manchuria's towns by the 1840s, according to Abbé Huc . The demographic change was not caused solely by Han migration. Manchus also refused to stay in Manchuria. In

18837-451: The man rumored to have defeated him. During her search, she meets Tim Drake , who is fighting King Snake's criminal organization, the Ghost Dragons, as part of his training to become the third Robin . Shiva sees potential in Drake, and takes him on as a student for a few weeks. As a bonus, she offers to train him in one weapon, and he chooses the bo staff . Shiva derisively mentions that it

18998-446: The maneuver on an assailant to trick her into believing he used lethal force. Shiva later discovers the truth, but does not seek vengeance. Later, she helps Batman fight Ra's al Ghul and his League of Assassins , including Bane, when Ghul attempts to release a deadly virus called Ebola Gulf A that would have killed half the world's population (see Batman: Legacy ). The trail leads Batman to Calcutta , India . Since their knowledge of

19159-664: The martial arts tournament she is watching, she chides him for not being able to live up to the powerful name of "Dragon". Shiva becomes Dragon's lover and instructor, and the series touches on their now strained relationship. The series begins with the Tiger locating Dragon, who is seeking death by fighting in death matches. He agrees to help Dragon resolve his problems with Shiva if he agrees to stop killing. In tracking Shiva they are confronted by Nightwing and Connor Hawke . Nightwing alludes to Dragon training him, as Dragon trained Bruce Wayne , who passed that training on to Nightwing. At

19320-422: The modern-day Russian Far East , often referred to as Outer Manchuria . Its definition may refer to varying geographical extents as follows: in the narrow sense, the area constituted by three Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin , and Liaoning but broadly also including the eastern Inner Mongolian prefectures of Hulunbuir , Hinggan , Tongliao , and Chifeng , collectively known as Northeast China; in

19481-426: The more mountainous parts where they have poorly developed orthents , as well as in the extreme north where permafrost occurs and orthels dominate. The climate of Manchuria has extreme seasonal contrasts, ranging from humid, almost tropical heat in summer to windy, dry, Arctic cold in winter. This pattern occurs because the position of Manchuria on the boundary between the great Eurasian continental landmass and

19642-504: The movements and attacks of his adversaries, showcasing his prowess as a strategic and tactical mastermind. Diaz's aptitude for developing and recognizing complex combat strategies makes him an imposing figure as a crime lord. Additionally, he possesses remarkable reflexes, as demonstrated by his ability to catch trick arrows fired by Green Arrow. Richard Dragon Jr. debuted in Robin #1 (2021). Created by Joshua Williamson and Gleb Melnikov,

19803-410: The name remained in common use among the Chinese Communist Party into the 1930s. Names for the region were relatively fluid before the Mukden Incident of 1931, after which alternative names in Japanese were discarded for Manshū , and Dongbei (Northeast) and Dongsansheng (Three Eastern Provinces) became the orthodox names for the Chinese. According to Mark Gamsa, Manzhou was not widely used among

19964-424: The other hand, thought that Sage's passion was for curiosity. Regardless, Richard realized that for Sage to have a spiritual awakening he had to first let go of the self-destructive behaviors that Hub City brought out in him. Thus Richard sent Sage back home. As he left, Sage met Shiva again, and the two briefly sparred. She explained that this fight had been for her to test her own perceptions. She thought she had seen

20125-511: The pass", and similarly Guanwai ( 關外 ; 关外 ; Guānwài ; 'outside the pass'), a reference to Shanhai Pass in Qinhuangdao in today's Hebei , at the eastern end of the Great Wall of China . This usage is seen in the expression Chuǎng Guāndōng (literally "Rushing into Guandong") referring to the mass migration of Han Chinese to Manchuria in the 19th and 20th centuries. The name Guandong later came to be used more narrowly for

20286-584: The pilot would do what she wishes. Richard would next appear as sensei to Oracle , helping her to see past her own wheelchair-related limitations. Dragon spends months training her in escrima , the Philippine art of stick fighting, a martial art she could use despite her wheelchair. Not long after that, the masked heroine Huntress became the main suspect in a series of murders. Realizing that her headstrong nature would likely mean her death this time, The Question saved her from her many pursuers (including

20447-522: The police and Batman ), and took her to Richard Dragon. Seeing many similarities between her and The Question, Dragon helped teach the adventuress to control her anger and "slow down". After Huntress joined the Birds of Prey , Richard Dragon aided her in fighting the Twelve Brothers in Silk , an Asian martial arts squad that protected a major heroin distributor. In 2004, the title was revived and

20608-598: The puppet state of Manchukuo was founded covering not only the northeastern three provinces but also parts of eastern Inner Mongolia. In 1933, the Bureau of Information and the Publicity Department of Foreign Affairs of the Manchukuo Government published a Handbook of Information of Manchukuo stating that Manchuria did not belong to China, had its own history and traditions, and was the home of

20769-405: The region by rejecting the name "Manchuria". Japanese colonists who returned to Japan from Manchukuo in the post-war period used terms such as Manshu (Manchuria), Man-mō (Manchuria-Mongolia), and Mō-man (Mongolia-Manchuria) almost interchangeably. Hyphenated terms such as Man-sēn (Manchuria and Korea) and Man-mō (Manchuria-Mongolia) emerged in Japanese media and traveler writings during

20930-605: The risk of attacking the United States and the British Empire in 1941. There was a major epidemic known as the Manchurian plague in 1910–1911, likely caused by the inexperienced hunting of marmots , many of whom are diseased. The cheap railway transport and the harsh winters, where the hunters sheltered in close confinement, helped to propagate the disease. The response required close coordination between

21091-442: The ruling gangs, but instead kills the members for sending "unskilled" men to kill her. On meeting the Question, she is dismayed to find that staying in Hub City has atrophied his fighting skills. Nevertheless, she repeatedly saves both him and his lover, Mayor Myra Fermin, from assassins. She vanishes sometime later, only to reappear stepping out of a helicopter meant to rescue the Question and his companions, who have decided to flee

21252-512: The second Richard Dragon does not possess any superhuman abilities. However, he is a highly skilled martial artist who received comprehensive training from his mentor in all aspects of martial arts. Diaz's fighting style diverges from that of his teacher, as he possesses the ability to analyze and exploit the weaknesses of his opponents. He has a keen eye for assessing an individual's physical attributes such as height, weight, and other characteristics. This perceptiveness allows him to accurately predict

21413-438: The south to 24 °C (75 °F) in the extreme north. In winter, however, the vast Siberian High causes very cold, north-to-northwesterly winds that bring temperatures as low as −5 °C (23 °F) in the extreme south and −30 °C (−22 °F) in the north where the zone of discontinuous permafrost reaches northern Heilongjiang . However, because the winds from Siberia are exceedingly dry, snow falls only on

21574-414: The southern parts of Amur Oblast and Khabarovskiy Kray , and a corner of Zabaykalʼskiy Kray . These districts were acknowledged as Qing territory by the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk but ceded to the Russian Empire due to the Amur Annexation in the unequal 1858 Treaty of Aigun and 1860 Convention of Beijing (the People's Republic of China indirectly questioned the legitimacy of these treaties in

21735-431: The spiritual side of martial arts. Ultimately deciding that she was Sandra no more she rechristened herself " Shiva ". She fought crime with Dragon and Ben Turner until the three parted ways. Turner, brainwashed by the villainous Sensei of the League of Assassins , became the renegade Bronze Tiger. Dragon decided to retire, devoting himself to teaching others. Lady Shiva became one of the world's greatest assassins. After

21896-430: The term Manchuria is imperialistic in nature and has no "precise meaning" since the Japanese deliberately promoted the use of "Manchuria" as a geographic name to promote its separation from China at the time they were setting up their puppet state of Manchukuo. In the 1920s, Japanese media still presented Manchuria as part of China, albeit as a distinct region, and sometimes called it the "Garden of China". However, in 1932,

22057-616: The term Northeast Region (东北; Dōngběi) to describe the region. Northeast China is predominantly occupied by Han Chinese due to internal Chinese migrations and Sinicization of the Manchus , especially during the Qing dynasty . It is considered the original homeland of several historical groups besides the Manchus, including the Yemaek the Xianbei , the Shiwei , and the Khitans . The area

22218-515: The three Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin , and Liaoning . The former Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo further included the prefectures of Chengde (now in Hebei ), and Hulunbuir , Hinggan , Tongliao , and Chifeng (now in Inner Mongolia ). The region of the Qing dynasty referenced as Manchuria originally further included Primorskiy Kray , the Jewish Autonomous Oblast ,

22379-404: The thrill and to finance further training. Her considerable skills allow her to ask a high price for her services, and she soon becomes highly sought after. Shiva is eventually hired by Reverend Hatch, the corrupt adjunct to the mayor of Hub City , to fight troublesome masked crimefighter the Question . She defeats him with ease, but rather than have Shiva kill him, Hatch instead has his men beat

22540-535: The toponym is still used, some scholars treat the term with caution or avoid it altogether due to its association with Japanese colonialism . The term is deprecated in China due to its association with Japanese imperialism and ethnic connotations. As a result, areas once considered part of Manchuria are simply referred to as the Northeast . The Three Provinces and the Northeast were also in concurrent use among

22701-523: The trunk of a car wired with explosives, so as to use a charred corpse in a plan to fake her death and flee the country after murdering a senator. Shiva is saved when Catwoman discovers her. After Cheshire confesses to murdering their sensei, Black Canary punches her out of a helicopter (using Ted Grant's Haymaker) to prevent Shiva from killing her in a vengeful rage. Shiva subsequently offers to share her knowledge with Black Canary, who takes her offer under consideration. Cassandra begins to suspect that Shiva

22862-506: The wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917 , but Outer Manchuria had reverted to Soviet control by 1925. Manchuria was an important region due to its rich natural resources including coal, fertile soil, and various minerals. For pre–World War II Japan , Manchuria was an essential source of raw materials. Without occupying Manchuria, the Japanese probably could not have carried out their plan for conquest over Southeast Asia or taken

23023-610: The world as a mute , and, seeking redemption, finds herself in Gotham City during the events of No Man's Land . Seeing promise in Cassandra, Batman and former Batgirl, Barbara Gordon , give Cassandra their blessings to take up the mantle of Batgirl. Eventually, Batgirl's skills attract Shiva's attention. Without telling her of their relationship, Shiva challenges Batgirl to a battle to the death. To Shiva's disappointment, she defeats Batgirl soundly. Batgirl's body language fluency

23184-599: Was administered as Liaoyang province . In 1375 Naghachu , a Mongol official of the Mongolia-based Northern Yuan dynasty of 1368–1635 in Liaoyang province invaded Liaodong, but later surrendered to the Ming dynasty in 1387. In order to protect the northern border areas, the Ming dynasty decided to "pacify" the Jurchens in order to deal with its problems with Yuan remnants along its northern border. The Ming solidified control over Manchuria under

23345-601: Was glaciated during the Quaternary , but the surface geology of most of the lower-lying and more fertile parts of Manchuria consists of very deep layers of loess , which have been formed by the wind-borne movement of dust and till particles formed in glaciated parts of the Himalayas , Kunlun Shan and Tien Shan , as well as the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts. Soils are mostly fertile mollisols and fluvents except in

23506-484: Was Europeans who first started using the name Manchuria to refer to the location. Others such as Forêt described Manchuria as a solely geographical term without indicating a political connection and used it in that capacity despite acknowledging its imperialistic overtones. The historian Gavan McCormack agreed with Robert H. G. Lee's statement that "The term Manchuria or Man-chou is a modern creation used mainly by westerners and Japanese", with McCormack writing that

23667-539: Was Jason's mother, Shiva laughs, sarcastically claiming to have littered dozens of babies across the globe. When Batman doses her with sodium pentothal , Shiva claims to have no children, confirming that Jason is not her son. Batman leaves her in the desert, reasoning that she would soon free herself from her bonds. Shiva warns him that they would meet again, to which Batman simply replies "Too bad". Later, Shiva begins to track down those who referred to themselves as Shihan , "Master", or any other title proclaiming mastery of

23828-425: Was a member. In the heat of a losing battle, Sandra realized how Carolyn had held her back, and how much undeveloped potential she had. Cain spared her life, and in exchange, Sandra agreed to bear Cain a child, and leave it for him to raise. The child, Cassandra Cain , was to be Ra's al Ghul's "One Who is All", a perfected bodyguard, whose only form of communication was literacy in body language, and whose sole instinct

23989-654: Was an independent continent before the Triassic period and is known to have been the northernmost piece of land in the world during the Carboniferous . The Khingan Mountains in the west are a Jurassic mountain range formed by the collision of the North China Craton with the Siberian Craton , which marked the final stage of the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea . No part of Manchuria

24150-485: Was for hand-to-hand combat. With Carolyn gone, Cassandra and Sandra were the only two humans known to share this gift. The day of Cassandra's birth, Sandra set out to become reborn as the Lady Shiva: creator and destroyer. During her time with Richard Dragon, Shiva becomes addicted to combat and life-or-death situations. Already a very accomplished martial artist, Shiva hires herself out as a mercenary both to recapture

24311-543: Was historically referred to by various names in the Qing dynasty such as Guandong (East of the Pass ) or the Three Provinces referring to Fengtian , Heilongjiang , and Jilin . Manchuria as a geographical term was first used in the 18th or 19th centuries by the Japanese before spreading to Europe . The term was promoted by the Japanese Empire in support for the existence of its puppet state, Manchukuo . Although

24472-423: Was in a wheelchair. Richard trained The Question both in martial arts and eastern philosophy , forcing him to question his world view and let go of much of his anger. Of note, he loosely quoted Zhuangzi's story "The Butterfly Dream" . Later Richard would start referring to his student as "Butterfly" because of this. Richard said that Shiva had saved Sage because she saw a passion for combat in him while Richard, on

24633-493: Was killed by Ricardo who saw weakness in him. To honor Richard, Ricardo adopted the "Richard Dragon" moniker for his own use. A new version of Richard Dragon is introduced following DC's The New 52 2011 continuity relaunch. A character identifying himself as Richard Dragon first appears in Green Arrow (vol. 5) #23 (2013). In Green Arrow (vol. 5) #31, he appears leading a team of Green Arrow's enemies, referred to as

24794-439: Was met with indigenous resistance to colonization, but Russian Cossacks crushed the natives. The conquest of Siberia and Manchuria also resulted in the spread of infectious diseases . Historian John F. Richards wrote: "... New diseases weakened and demoralized the indigenous peoples of Siberia. The worst of these was smallpox "because of its swift spread, the high death rates, and the permanent disfigurement of survivors." ... In

24955-518: Was not the name of a region. In fact, neither Manchus nor Han Chinese have ever called China's Northeast 'Manzhou'." Even advocates of an independent Manchuria such as Inaba Iwakichi acknowledged this. In 1912, British diplomat and sinologist Herbert Giles stated in China and the Manchus that "'Manchuria' is unknown to the Chinese or to the Manchus themselves as a geographical expression". According to Owen Latimore, during his travels in China during

25116-402: Was nothing more he could teach them, the O-Sensei left the two. Turner and Dragon were recruited by Barney Ling, head of the law-keeping espionage agency known as G.O.O.D. (Global Organization of Organized Defense), to join the organization. Together Ben and Richard would defeat the corrupt businessman Guano Cravat, foiling his plans to instigate a war for his own benefit. Ben and Richard founded

25277-439: Was shared among ordinary Manchus, and there is evidence that part of that effort was to combat widespread acculturation among Manchus, resulting in the loss of their language. As part of this effort, Jesuits were commissioned to create maps that enhanced Manchu conceptualization of their homeland, which Elliot believes to have been the original impetus to label the region as Manchuria in European and Japanese maps. In 1877, Manzhou

25438-703: Was the first to use the term Manshū as a toponym in 1809 in the Nippon Henkai Ryakuzu , and it was from that work that Westerners adopted the name. By the 1830s, various Indo-European forms of Manshū could be found. However, according to Li Narangoa, the term was introduced to Japan in the 18th century through European maps following Jesuit conventions. Manshū then increasingly appeared on maps by Japanese cartographers such as Kondi Jūzō, Takahashi Kageyasu, Baba Sadayoshi, and Yamada Ren. Their maps were brought to Europe by Philipp Franz von Siebold . According to Japanese scholar Nakami Tatsuo, Siebold

25599-404: Was the murderer. Consumed with a need for revenge, Sandra trained to the peak of human capability, mastering martial arts to defeat Dragon. When the two masters finally met in battle, however, Dragon was able to show Sandra that Cravat had deceived her. Without Dragon's death as a goal, Sandra no longer had a need for her martial arts mastery. Sensing she needed guidance, Dragon helped her to explore

25760-476: Was the one who brought the usage of the term Manchuria to Europeans after borrowing it from the Japanese, who were the first to use it in a geographic manner in the 18th century. The history of the use of "Manchuria" as a toponym in China is uncertain. According to one stream of thought, it was not used by the Manchus or the Chinese. The name Manchu was given to the Jurchen people by Hong Taiji in 1635 as

25921-432: Was used as a toponym in an essay by Gong Chai, a scholar from Ningbo . The description of Manzhou located it to the northeast of Beijing and identified it as the birthplace of the dynasty. Manzhou was used as a place name again 20 years later by Qing officials. Manzhou began to appear on Chinese maps in the first decade of the 1900s. Maps that used Manzhou were in the minority during the early Republican period but

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