Misplaced Pages

#266733

78-554: The region is split into two provinces, named after their capitals: Campobasso and Isernia . Campobasso also serves as the regional capital. Molise is bordered by Abruzzo to the north, Apulia to the east, Lazio to the west, and Campania to the south. It has 35 kilometres (22 miles) of sandy coastline to the northeast, lying on the Adriatic Sea looking out toward the Tremiti Islands . The countryside of Molise

156-471: A Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and mild winters. Inland hilly areas have a sublittoral climate with temperatures decreasing progressively with increasing altitude. Precipitation is also strongly affected by the presence of the Apennines mountain range. Rainfall is abundant on slopes oriented to the west, and lower in east and east-facing slopes. The Adriatic coast is shielded from rainfall by

234-546: A POW camp in World War I ; much of the facility is still intact and attracts tourists interested in military history . Despite the high level of destructions and victims caused by the Second World War , there was remarkable development in the second half of the 20th century, which particularly favored Fucino and Adriatic coastal areas. In the 1948 Italian Constitution , these were unified with Molise into

312-549: A negative trend until 2001. Between 1991 (330,900 inhabitants) and 2001 (320,601 inhabitants), the population of the region decreased by 3.1%; since 2001 the population remained stable. The region is home to two main ethnic minorities: the Molisan Croats (20,000 people who speak an old Dalmatian dialect of Croatian alongside Italian), and those who speak the Arbëresh dialect of Albanian in five towns of "basso Molise" in

390-512: A result of frequent changes in its ownership, the Lombards called the city Campus Vassorum ("Vassals' Territory"), which later became Campobasso. The feudal lords increasingly gained power at the expense of the church. The principality of Capua, established in 860, included the counties of Venafro, Larino, Trivento, Bojano, Isernia, Campomarino and Termoli. Hugues I de Molise, Earl of Bojano and Norman feudal lord of Mulhouse (from which derives

468-652: A simple but tasty sauce of aromatic herbs. Zuppa di pesce, a fish stew, is a specialty of Termoli . The cheeses produced in Molise are not very different from those produced in Abruzzo. The more common ones are Burrino and Manteca, soft, buttery cow's-milk cheeses; Pecorino, sheep's-milk cheese, served young and soft or aged and hard, called also "Maciuocco" in Molise; Scamorza, bland cow's-milk cheese, often served grilled; and Caciocavallo , sheep's-milk cheese. Sweets and desserts have an ancient tradition here and are linked to

546-524: A total population of 223,871 (2017). There are 84 comuni ( sg. : comune ) in the province. The eastern part of the province is home to a small Croatian minority who speak an archaic dialect of Croatian . The Croatians reside primarily in Acquaviva Collecroce , San Felice and Montemitro . The Samnites , a group of Sabellic tribes, dominated this region of Italy, including Campania , from around 600 BC to 290 BC. Following

624-459: A variety of ham is available, such as smoked prosciutto . Frequently, the sausages are enjoyed with polenta . Main dishes of the region include: Common second dishes (often meat and vegetable dishes) are: Typical vegetable dishes may include: Fish dishes include red mullet soup, and spaghetti with cuttlefish . Trout from the Biferno river is notable for its flavor, and is cooked with

702-509: Is sub-montane vegetation, with mixed woodlands of oak and turkey oak, maple and hornbeam ; shrubs include dog rose and red juniper . Elevations between 1,000 and 1,900 metres (3,300 and 6,200 ft) are dominated by beech. In the Apennine Mountains at elevations above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) species include alpine orchid , mountain juniper, silver fir , black cranberry and the Abruzzo edelweiss . The fauna of Abruzzo

780-428: Is Campobasso at 2,909 km, while the smaller is Isernia at 1,529 km. The province of Campobasso is the more densely populated of the two provinces, with 79.4 inhabitants per km, whereas Isernia registers 58.9 inhabitants per km. At the end of 2008 the most populous towns were Campobasso (51,247 inhabitants), Termoli (32,420) and Isernia (21,811). In the period 1951–71, large-scale emigration to other countries of

858-430: Is a region of Southern Italy with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.3 million. It is divided into four provinces: L'Aquila , Teramo , Pescara , and Chieti . Its western border lies 80 km (50 mi) east of Rome . Abruzzo borders the region of Marche to the north, Lazio to the west and north-west, Molise to the south and the Adriatic Sea to the east. Geographically, Abruzzo

SECTION 10

#1732765190267

936-728: Is divided into a mountainous area in the west, which includes the highest massifs of the Apennines , such as the Gran Sasso d'Italia and the Maiella , and a coastal area in the east with beaches on the Adriatic Sea . Abruzzo is considered a region of Southern Italy in terms of its culture, language, economy, and history, though in terms of physical geography, it may also be considered part of Central Italy . The Italian Statistical Authority ( ISTAT ) deems it to be part of Southern Italy, partly because of Abruzzo's historic association with

1014-442: Is mostly mountainous, with 55% covered by mountains and most of the rest by hills that go down to the sea. Agriculture, involving small and micro holdings, is currently offering high-quality products. The agricultural holdings produce wine, cereals, olive oil, vegetables, fruits and dairy products. Traditional products are Grass Pea (cicerchia) and Farro . Molise's autochthonous grape is Tintilia which has been rediscovered during

1092-425: Is nearly at the center of Italian peninsula , stretching from the heart of the Apennines to the Adriatic Sea , and includes mainly mountainous and wild land. The mountainous land is occupied by a vast plateau, including Gran Sasso , at 2,912 metres (9,554 ft) the highest peak of the Apennines, and Mount Majella at 2,793 metres (9,163 ft). The Adriatic coastline is characterized by long sandy beaches to

1170-515: Is not far to the north in Abruzzo and connected to Molise by the A14 highway (the only highway passing through Molise, by Termoli). The unemployment rate stood at 9.5% in 2020. Molise has many small and picturesque villages. Four of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: 'The most beautiful villages of Italy' ), a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, founded on

1248-557: Is one of the most industrialized areas of Italy and of the region, with numerous small and medium-sized companies, then follows the province of Chieti and that of Pescara , which is also supported by tourism ; the Val Vibrata ( province of Teramo ), on the border with the Marche region, is home to a myriad of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in the textile and footwear sectors. The Val di Sangro (province of Chieti), on

1326-692: Is presided over by the president of the region ( presidente della Regione ) who is elected for a five-year term. The government is composed of the president and eight ministers ( assessori ), including a vice president ( vicepresidente ) and an undersecretary ( sottosegretario ). Although an earlier presence cannot be ruled out, findings in the region related to archaic humans date from up to around 700,000 years ago ( Acheulean Culture ). Thousands of flint tools and weapons have been collected on fluvial terraces (e.g. Madonna del Freddo at Chieti ) and near former lakes (e.g. Valle Giumentina at Caramanico Terme and Valle Peligna at Popoli ). These testify to

1404-670: Is varied extending from the mountainous Apennines , down through hills, lakes and inland rivers to the Adriatic coast. The territory is crossed by the river valleys of the Trigno (85 km), Biferno (84 km) and Fortore (110 km), flanked by hills and mountains. Other rivers of note include the Tammaro (78 km), the Saccione (33 km), the Sinarca (26 km), and

1482-493: Is very diverse, including the region's symbol, the Abruzzo chamois ( Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata ), which has recovered from near-extinction. Common species include Marsican brown bear , Italian wolf , deer, lynx, roe deer, snow vole, fox, porcupine, wild cat, wild boar, badger, otter, and viper. The natural parks of the region are the Abruzzo National Park , the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park ,

1560-608: The 8th century , Transamund II of Spoleto rebelled against Liutprand, King of the Lombards , but was able to recover his duchy and also to include other remaining territories of former Valeria province. After the beginning of domination by the Franks , in 801, Teate (today's Chieti ) also passed from the Lombardic Duchy of Benevento to the Frankish Duchy of Spoleto . In 843, some territories were separated from

1638-458: The Abruzzi e Molise region, though in the first draft Abruzzo and Molise were separate, and in 1963 Abruzzi e Molise was separated into the two regions of Abruzzo and Molise. Abruzzo Citeriore is now the province of Chieti . The province of Teramo and province of Pescara now comprise what was Abruzzo Ulteriore I. Abruzzo Ulteriore II is now the province of L'Aquila . Geographically, Abruzzo

SECTION 20

#1732765190267

1716-588: The Abruzzo (or Abruzzese) chamois , the Apennine wolf and the Marsican brown bear . Abruzzo's parks and reserves host 75% of Europe's animal species. The region is also home to Calderone , one of Europe's southernmost glaciers . Nineteenth-century Italian diplomat and journalist Primo Levi  [ it ] (1853–1917) chose the adjectives forte e gentile ("strong and kind") to capture what he saw as

1794-715: The Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom , looting and devastation of monasteries and towns followed the arrival of Germanic Lombards in the region. Around 572, the Lombards divided Abruzzo into the Duchy of Benevento and of Spoleto , with Faroald I of Spoleto becoming the first Duke of Spoleto . His successor, Ariulf of Spoleto , annexed other territories: the former territories controlled by Aequi , Marsi , Peligni and Vestini . In

1872-593: The Crown of Aragon and the Southern Italian Peninsula (including Abruzzo) still to the Capetian House of Anjou . The region was profoundly affected during the wars that followed a conspiracy which resulted in the assassination of Andrew, Duke of Calabria , the husband of Queen Joanna I of Naples . Different towns ( L'Aquila , Penne , Chieti , Lanciano , Ortona ) sided at first with

1950-574: The Fucino depression and Montebello di Bertona , the latter giving its name to a distinctive stoneworking technique called "Bertonian". After the Mesolithic transition, which was characterized by climate change and a lack of food resources, agriculture was introduced in Abruzzo by Neolithic farmers from the Middle East . A skeleton from Lama dei Peligni in the province of Chieti

2028-629: The Imperial period favoured economic activities such as trade and pastoralism . On the basis of a division by Augustus , the territory of what is now Abruzzo was part of "Regio V Picenum " and especially "Regio IV Sabina et Samnium ". Much later, the region corresponded to the Valeria province, according to Diocletian decisions, and was among the first to see the arrival of Christianity . Evidence from archeological sites shows that many cities in Abruzzo date back to ancient times. Corfinio

2106-751: The Italian fascism period, Pescara became an important center for its homonymous port , tourism and trade . With the Second World War , Abruzzo was on the Gustav Line , part of the German Winter Line . One of the most brutal battles was the Battle of Ortona . Abruzzo was the location of two prisoners of war camps , Campo 21 in Chieti, and Campo 78 in Sulmona. The Sulmona camp also served as

2184-524: The Kingdom of Naples with its viceroys . In Abruzzo, the aristocracy vainly tried to regain more control when there was a rebellion in the Kingdom of Naples led by a fisherman named Masaniello in 1647. At the beginning of the 18th century, the region was affected by destructive earthquakes, which also devastated L'Aquila ( 1703 Apennine earthquakes ) and Sulmona ( 1706 Abruzzo earthquake ), and

2262-431: The Kingdom of Sicily , Abruzzo was involved in the conflicts following the death of William II of Sicily in 1189, and the territories sided with Constance, Queen of Sicily and Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor , but after the death of the former in 1198, they were invaded by Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor . They were also involved in the conflicts between Frederick II (son of Queen Costance ) and Pope Gregory IX , including

2340-515: The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . Almost half of the region's territory is protected through national parks and nature reserves, more than any administrative region on the continent, leading it to be dubbed "the greenest region in Europe." There are three national parks, one regional park, and 38 protected nature reserves. These ensure the survival of rare species, such as the golden eagle ,

2418-632: The Maiella National Park and the Sirente-Velino Regional Park , as well as many other natural reserves and protected areas. In 2017, the ancient beech forests of the Abruzzo Lazio and Molise National Park of Europe were recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, with the region thus gaining its first prestigious site. Until a few decades ago, Abruzzo was a backward region of Southern Italy . Since

Molise - Misplaced Pages Continue

2496-590: The Sassinora (7 km). All flow into the Adriatic with the exception of the Tammaro. The central Valle del Biferno includes the 7.45 km (2.88 sq mi) Lago di Guardialfiera , to the east of Castelmauro . The other lake of note is Lago di Occhito to the south east of Sant'Elia a Pianisi . The provincial capital of Campobasso lies in the south of the province, north of the Matese mountains, one of

2574-507: The War of the Keys . The administrative region of Abruzzo was formed in the 1230s, when Frederick II divided his realms into justiciarates , with Abruzzo forming one of them. The newly founded L'Aquila was destroyed by Manfred, King of Sicily (son of Frederick II ) in 1259, and supported in the Battle of Tagliacozzo (1268) the defeat of his nephew Conradin against Charles I of Anjou ,

2652-707: The War of the Spanish Succession , with the Austrian siege at Pescara in 1707. In 1734, Charles III of the House of Bourbon , King of Spain, ended the short Hasburg Austrian domination, which contributed to large land concentrations in Abruzzo. In accordance with a general diffidence against the Enlightenment ideas, the Abruzzo population of different social classes rebelled in an improvised way against French invasion in 1798 and 1799. After

2730-591: The province of Isernia , established under Law No. 2 of February 1970. The province of Campobasso is situated in eastern Italy on the Adriatic coast. It is bordered to the north by the province of Chieti in Abruzzo , to the south-east by the province of Foggia in Apulia , to the south by the province of Benevento and the province of Caserta in Campania , and to the west by the Province of Isernia . The terrain

2808-624: The unification of Italy , in 1860, Abruzzo became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, in 1861, the Kingdom of Italy . Some supporters of the Bourbons fought against volunteers of Garibaldi , and later banded with simple criminals to participate for political reasons in brigandage , which would be eradicated years later. However, many accepted the new order with neither enthusiasm nor opposition. Since 1870, due to its economic conditions, Abruzzo saw massive emigration to other regions and countries, which contributed to Italian diaspora . During

2886-750: The 12th century Church of Santa Maria in Petacciato . The town of Termoli is a regional seaside resort on the Adriatic sea. [REDACTED] Media related to Province of Campobasso at Wikimedia Commons 41°34′N 14°40′E  /  41.567°N 14.667°E  / 41.567; 14.667 Abruzzo#Cuisine Abruzzo ( US : / ɑː ˈ b r uː t s oʊ , ə ˈ -/ , UK : / æ ˈ b r ʊ t s oʊ / ; Italian: [aˈbruttso] ; Abruzzese Neapolitan : Abbrùzze [abˈbruttsə] , Abbrìzze [abˈbrittsə] or Abbrèzze [abˈbrɛttsə] ; Aquilano : Abbrùzzu ), historically known as Abruzzi ,

2964-423: The 1950s, Abruzzo has showed steady economic growth. In 1951, per capita income or GDP was 53% of that of wealthier Northern Italy . The gap has since narrowed, being 65% in 1971 and 76% by 1994. The region reached the highest per capita GDP of Southern Italy through the highest growth rate of every other region of Italy . The unemployment rate stood at 9.3% in 2020. Abruzzo is the 16th most productive region in

3042-478: The European Union, to other parts of Italy and overseas led to a significant decline in the population of Molise. Negative net migration persisted until 1981. Large-scale emigration has caused many of the smaller towns and villages to lose over 60% of their population, while only a small number of larger towns have recorded significant gains. From 1982 to 1994, net migration has been positive, then followed by

3120-525: The French occupation, Molise became an autonomous province consisting of the districts of Campobasso and Isernia, to which the districts of Larino and Agnone were added. Following a constitutional amendment in December 1963 the province of Campobasso was detached from Abruzzo, given the status of Region, and renamed Molise. The situation remained unchanged until 1970 when 52 municipalities were detached to form

3198-601: The North and pebbly beaches to the South. Abruzzo is well known for its landscapes and natural environment, parks and nature reserves, characteristic hillside areas rich in vineyards and olive groves. Many beaches have been awarded the Blue Flag beach status. In Abruzzo there are two climatic zones. The coastal strip and sub-Apennine hills have a climate markedly different from that of the mountainous interior. Coastal areas have

Molise - Misplaced Pages Continue

3276-679: The alliance with the Romans, whereas others surrendered after the Samnite Wars. Following progressive Romanization , they supported the Romans and contributed to many victories in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC . They fought again with Rome during the Social War (91–87 BC) to gain political rights and created the ephemeral state called Italia with Corfinio as the capital. After the Social War, they obtained Roman citizenship and in

3354-519: The barrier effect created by the Apennines. The minimum annual rainfall is found in some inland valleys, sheltered by mountain ranges, such as Peligna or Tirino ( Ofena , Capestrano ), where as little as 500 millimetres (19.7 inches) were recorded. Rainfall along the coast almost always never falls below 600 millimetres (23.6 inches). Pescara has relatively less rainfall (about 700 millimetres (27.6 inches)) than Chieti (about 1,000 millimetres (39.4 inches)). The highest rainfall occurs in upland areas on

3432-629: The border with Lazio ; they are especially vulnerable to Atlantic disturbances. Around 1,500 to 2,000 millimetres (59 to 79 inches) of precipitation is typical. The flora of Abruzzo is typically Mediterranean. Along the coastal belt Mediterranean shrubland Is the dominant natural vegetation, with species including myrtle , heather and mastic . Inland are found olive , pine , willow , oak , poplar , alder , arbutus , broom , acacia , capers , rosemary , hawthorn , licorice and almond trees, interspersed with oak trees. At elevations between 600 and 1,000 metres (2,000 and 3,300 ft) there

3510-484: The brother of the victim, Louis I of Hungary . In 1443, Alfonso V of Aragon , King of Sicily , conquered the Kingdom of Naples . In the same years, Abruzzo saw many battles, including the ones associated with the War of L'Aquila . Under the Aragonese rulers, L'Aquila started to become a military center, giving up its political and economic importance to Chieti . This period was characterized by economic decline and

3588-581: The cathedral and several old churches including San Bartolomeo, Campomarino , Larino (inhabited since the 5th century BC) and the fortifications of Monte Vairano , Gildone , Duronia and Terravecchia di Sepino , the Roman city of Saepinum , with its forum, basilica, baths and theatre. There are many large castles in the area, including those at Gambatesa , Castropignano , Civitacampomarano and Termoli , while there are many religious buildings of note such as Trivento Cathedral, Larino Cathedral (1319) and

3666-446: The character of the region and its people. " Forte e gentile " has since become the motto of the region. Abruzzo is divided into four administrative provinces: Abruzzo is governed as a presidential representative democracy with a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the regional government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the regional council. The regional government ( Giunta regionale )

3744-430: The country , and is the 15th for GRP per capita among Italian regions. As of 2003, Abruzzo's per capita GDP was €19,506 or 84% of the national average of €23,181, compared to the average value for Southern Italy of €15,808. In 2006, the region's average GDP per capita was approximately 20,100 EUR. The construction of motorways from Rome to Teramo ( A24 ) and Rome to Pescara ( A25 ), which provided better access to

3822-482: The duchy (all the region together with the district of Rieti and except that of Teramo according to Liber provincialis ), with Celano as capital. So counts of Marsi from different lineages ruled "Marsia" from 843 to 926. In 871, Louis II of Italy founded, as the Carolingian Emperor , a monastery, which would become very powerful in the history of Abruzzo ( Abbey of San Clemente a Casauria ). With

3900-560: The end of the Iron Age , Abruzzo was inhabited by different tribes, including those defined by ancient Roman tradition as Sabelli : Oscan-speaking Pentri , Carricini and Frentani , and, more generically, Osco-Umbrian Aequi , Praetutii , Vestini , Marrucini , Marsi and Peligni . Considered strong warriors by ancient writers, they fought against the Romans in the Samnite Wars (from 343 to 290 BC). Some tribes accepted

3978-489: The history of the territory and to religious and family festivities. Most common are: Molise is twinned with: Campobasso Province The province of Campobasso ( Italian : provincia di Campobasso ; Molisan dialect : pruìnge de Cambuàsce ) is a province in the Molise region of Italy . Its capital is the city of Campobasso . It covers an area of c. 2,941 square kilometres (1,136 sq mi) and has

SECTION 50

#1732765190267

4056-415: The industrial district of Val Pescara in the province of Chieti). Agriculture, based on small holdings, has modernised and produces high-quality products. The mostly small-scale producers are active in wine, cereals , sugar beet , potatoes, olives, vegetables, fruit and dairy products . Traditional products are saffron and liquorice . By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Montepulciano d'Abruzzo ,

4134-552: The inhabitants are of Croatian origin. It is believed they arrived at the end of the 15th century from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. They still speak a Croatian dialect as well as Italian. The other two municipalities with inhabitants of Croatian origin are San Felice del Molise and Montemitro . All three municipalities lie to the north of the city of Campobasso. As of 1 January 2014, San Felice has 664 inhabitants while Montemitro has 420 inhabitants. The city of Campobasso has several landmarks including Manforte Castle (1450),

4212-588: The initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities. The density of the population in Molise is well below the national average. In 2008, Molise registered 72.3 inhabitants per km, compared to a national figure of 198.8. The region is subdivided into two provinces: Campobasso and Isernia, which together cover 1.5% of Italy's territory and less than 1% of its population. The larger province in terms of area

4290-408: The last ten years, and many other PDO (DOP) wines, both red and white. Though there is a large Fiat plant ( Termoli ), the industrial sector is dominated by the farming industry with small and medium-sized farms spread widely throughout the region. Another important industry is food processing: pasta, meat, milk products, oil and wine are the traditional products of the region. In the services sector

4368-514: The many aromatic herbs that grow there. Some of the characteristic foods include spicy salami , a variety of locally produced cheeses , dishes using lamb or goat , pasta dishes with hearty sauces, and vegetables that grow in the region. In addition to bruschetta , a typical antipasto will consist of any of several meat dishes, such as the sausages capocollo , the fennel -seasoned salsiccie al finocchio, soppressata , ventricina , frascateglie or sanguinaccio. In addition to these sausages,

4446-438: The most important industries are distribution, hotels and catering, followed by transport and communications, banking and insurance. With few exceptions, in all sectors firms are small, and this explains the difficulties encountered when marketing products on a national scale. International tourism is growing largely as a result of the recent opening of international flights from other European countries to Pescara Airport , which

4524-456: The most populous communes (comuni) in the province are Campobasso (49,392), Termoli (33,478), Bojano (8,125), Campomarino (7,723), Larino (6,910), Montenero di Bisaccia (6,798), Guglionesi (5,422), Riccia (5,332), San Martino in Pensilis (4,827) and Trivento (4,788). Acquaviva Collecroce , with a population of 714, is the largest of three municipalities in the province where

4602-742: The name of Molise), implemented a policy to restore the old boundaries to the territories of Sannio in 1053, and finally, thanks to his successor, Hugues II de Molise, Molise was created independently around 1128. With the advent of the Neapolitan Republic, a new administrative organization was established, divided into departments made up of cantons. The Department of the Sangro was divided into 16 cantons: Lanciano, Ortona, Palena, Atessa, Pescocostanzo, Castel di Sangro, Agnone, Baranello, Campobasso, La Riccia, Trivento, Larino, Termoli, Serra Capriola, Dragonara, and Vasto. On 27 September 1806, after

4680-476: The new king of Sicily . Since the last half of the 13th century, L'Aquila took a central role in the region. Abruzzo was divided into Abruzzo Citra (nearer Abruzzo) and Abruzzo Ultra (further Abruzzo) by Charles I of Anjou in the 1270s. After the rebellion called Sicilian Vespers and the subsequent war , in 1302 the Peace of Caltabellotta divided the former Kingdom of Sicily as follows: Sicily to

4758-523: The other hand, is home to important multinationals and a factory belonging to the Fiat ( Sevel ) group. The area of Valle Peligna (province of L'Aquila) is also home to industries (the famous one of Sulmona sugared almonds), while other areas such as Pescara and Theatine are home to numerous industries, including multinationals (for example De Cecco , Procter & Gamble , Monti & Ambrosini Editori, Brioni, Ennedue and Miss Sixty , mostly concentrated in

SECTION 60

#1732765190267

4836-452: The predominance of small and medium enterprises. In the applied research field, there are major institutes and enterprises involved in the fields of pharmaceutics , biomedicine , electronics , aerospace and nuclear physics . The industrial infrastructure is dispersed throughout the region in industrial zones. The most important of these are: Val Pescara, Val di Sangro, Val Trigno, Val Vibrata and Conca del Fucino. The province of Teramo

4914-615: The presence of different Homo species over time, ranging from Homo erectus and Neanderthals to modern humans. A site located at Popoli (Svolte di Popoli) also contained animal bones, which in that case was of a hippopotamus . The most important evidence of Neanderthals presence in the region was found in caves in Calascio and dates back to the Middle Paleolithic . Significant evidence of Upper Paleolithic human populations has been found in various places, including

4992-405: The proclamation of the ephemeral Parthenopean Republic , they continued to be hostile to French invaders ( Sanfedismo ). During the client kingdom (1806–1815) of Napoleon , in 1806, Abruzzo Ultra was divided into two, as Abruzzo Ultra I and Abruzzo Ultra II (being divided at the Gran Sasso d'Italia ); the same Citra/Ultra I/Ultra II scheme was used for Calabria. The return of the Bourbons

5070-433: The province of Campobasso. Molise comprises two provinces: [REDACTED] Molise has much tradition from the religious to the pagan, many museums, archeological sites, musical and food events. Tradition Arts, musical and food festivals Museums The cuisine of Molise is similar to the cuisine of Abruzzo , though there are some differences in the dishes and ingredients. The flavors of Molise are dominated by

5148-540: The red and cerasuolo (rosé) varieties, Trebbiano d'Abruzzo , Pecorino and the Chardonnay; oil production, on the other hand, stands at 1,350,000 quintals of olives and 240,000 quintals of oil ( Aprutino Pescarese , Pretuziano delle Colline Teramane and Colline Teatine ), figures that put Abruzzo in sixth place among the Italian regions; as regards cereals, the durum wheat with over 1.5 million quintals constitutes

5226-486: The region's most famous wine, had become one of the most widely exported DOC-classed wines in Italy. The region produces about 850,000 quintals of fruit, 5 million quintals of vegetables, 1,600,000 quintals of potatoes, and 5,000,000 quintals of grapes, produced both for eating and for winemaking; the latter is estimated at between 3 and 4 million hectoliters, with the production of wines such as Montepulciano d'Abruzzo in

5304-413: The region, is credited as a driver of public and private investments. The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake led to a sharp economic slowdown. However, according to statistics at the end of 2010, some signals of recovery were noted. Regional economic growth was recorded as 1.47%, which actually placed Abruzzo fourth among Italy's regions after Lazio , Lombardy and Calabria . In 2011, Abruzzo's economic growth

5382-557: The rule of Hugh of Italy from 926, the territories were divided: Penne and Teate to Atto I  [ it ] , and today's province of L'Aquila to Berardo . After two attempted conquests from two Norman princes of Capua in Abruzzo, two other Normans, Robert Guiscard and Robert I of Loritello , conquered Teate , Valva and Penne . Later, all Abruzzo was definitively conquered by Norman Roger II of Sicily , and in 1156 his son William I of Sicily had these victories officially recognized by Pope Adrian IV . As part of

5460-598: The settlements that are still inhabited, while others are no longer so, such as Cluviae near Casoli . The region was known as Aprutium in the Middle Ages and, according to a hypothesis, it is a combination of Praetutium, or rather of the name of the people, Praetutii, applied to their chief city, Interamnia, the old Teramo . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Gothic War between

5538-473: The spread of brigandage , but coastal centers were favored by trade with the Republic of Venice 's overseas territories. Shortly after the Italian War of 1494–1495 carried out by Charles VIII of France , the Kingdom of Naples returned to Ferdinand II of Aragon . In this and in the following conflict between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain over the Kingdom of Naples , Abruzzo sided with France, but Spain won in 1503 and started to dominate

5616-444: The three main mountain ranges in the Molise region. On the coast, the principal towns are Termoli and Campomarino . The population of the province rose between 1861 when there were 229,393 inhabitants and 1951 when it totalled 289,577. Over the next 20 years it fell back to 227,641 (1971) after which it rose once again to 238,958 in 1991. It has since undergone a slight reduction to 225,622 inhabitants in 2016. As of 1 January 2014,

5694-615: The war against Rome in 343 BC, in 290 BC the territory of the ancient Samnium region (the central zone of which lies in the current province of Campobasso) was included in the Roman Regio IV Samnium . In 570, following an invasion by the Lombards, the territory was annexed to the Lombard duchy of Benevento , resulting in a reduction of the estates and assets of the ecclesiastical bishoprics of Bojano , Saepinum , Venafro , Trivento , Isernia , Larino and Termoli . As

5772-435: Was +2.3%, the highest percentage among the regions of Southern Italy. From the early 1950s to the mid-1990s, Abruzzo's industrial sector expanded rapidly, especially in mechanical engineering , transportation equipment and telecommunications. The structure of production in the region reflects the transformation of the economy from agriculture to industry and services. The industrial sector relies on few large enterprises and

5850-460: Was dated back to 6,540 BC using radiometric dating. In Abruzzo and Marche , villages typical of Ripoli culture  [ it ] in the 5 – 6th millennium BC consisted of huts , and were generally located on fluvial terraces or hills overlooking rivers . In some cases they were defended by a moat . Caves were often used for rituals . They practiced agriculture , husbandry , hunting , fishing , and production of pottery , which

5928-540: Was granted by the Congress of Vienna , while Abruzzo was plagued by decline and brigandage . The House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies established the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816, and ruled until Italian unification (also known as the Risorgimento ). Many rebelled again in 1821, 1841 and 1848 , but the ideologies of insurgents were different, and included liberal , Jacobin , or reactionary ideas. During

6006-706: Was known as Corfinium when it was the chief city of the Paeligni , and it became the capital of "Italia" against the Romans during the Social War . Today's Chieti has been inhabited since the Chalcolithic era, and was an important center of Marrucini (Teate Marrucinorum). Atri was known as Hatria and Teramo was known variously in ancient times as Interamnia and Teramne. Pinna (today Penne ), Anxanum ( Lanciano ), Hortona ( Ortona ), Histonium ( Vasto ), Sulmona and Marruvium ( San Benedetto dei Marsi ) are among

6084-639: Was painted or decorated. Other older Neolithic cultures present in Abruzzo are called Impressed Ceramic and Catignano . The Bronze Age saw the spread of Apennine culture and Subapennine culture in central- southern Italy , including in Abruzzo. The former has been associated with pastoralism , and the latter with agriculture . During the Late Bronze Age , Proto-Villanovan culture emerged in Abruzzo. There are sites of Iron Age necropoli at Fiorano ( Loreto Aprutino 's frazione ), Campovalano ( Campli ), Alfedena and Capestrano . At

#266733