Terry Southern (May 1, 1924 – October 29, 1995) was an American novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and university lecturer, noted for his distinctive satirical style. Part of the Paris postwar literary movement in the 1950s and a companion to Beat writers in Greenwich Village , Southern was also at the center of Swinging London in the 1960s and helped to change the style and substance of American films in the 1970s. He briefly wrote for Saturday Night Live in the 1980s.
187-790: Southern's dark and often absurdist style of satire helped to define the sensibilities of several generations of writers, readers, directors, and filmgoers. He is credited by journalist Tom Wolfe as having invented New Journalism with the publication of "Twirling at Ole Miss" in Esquire in February 1963. Southern's reputation was established with the publication of his comic novels Candy and The Magic Christian and through his gift for writing memorable film dialogue as evident in Dr. Strangelove , The Loved One , The Cincinnati Kid , and The Magic Christian . His work on Easy Rider helped create
374-648: A Bad Sex in Fiction Award from the London-based Literary Review , a prize established "to draw attention to the crude, tasteless, often perfunctory use of redundant passages of sexual description in the modern novel". Wolfe later explained that such sexual references were deliberately clinical. Wolfe wrote that his goal in writing fiction was to document contemporary society in the tradition of Charles Dickens , Émile Zola , and John Steinbeck . Wolfe announced in early 2008 that he
561-662: A "dirty book". André Deutsch accepted Flash and Filigree , Southern's first novel, early in 1957, and the short story "A South Summer Idyll" was published in Paris Review No. 15. The Southerns spent some time in Spain with Henry Green during the summer, and Southern interviewed him for the Paris Review . Several more short stories were published later that year, by which time he was finishing work on Candy . Southern and Gregory Corso helped convince Girodias to publish
748-515: A Historic District established by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission . The District's convoluted borders run no farther south than 4th Street or St. Luke's Place, and no farther east than Washington Square East or University Place. Redevelopment in that area is severely restricted, and developers must preserve the main façade and aesthetics of the buildings during renovation. Most of
935-448: A chaotic production, stitched together from segments variously directed or co-directed by a team that included Joseph McGrath , Robert Parrish , Val Guest , John Huston , Richard Talmadge , and Ken Hughes . Many planned scenes could not be filmed due to the feud between Orson Welles and star Peter Sellers, which climaxed with Sellers walking out during the filming of the casino scenes and refusing to return. Many writers contributed to
1122-433: A collection of his articles in this style, The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby , adding to his notability. He published a second collection of articles, The Pump House Gang , in 1968. Wolfe wrote on popular culture, architecture, politics, and other topics that underscored, among other things, how American life in the 1960s had been transformed by post-WWII economic prosperity. His defining work from this era
1309-742: A collection of his writings from the Herald-Tribune , Esquire , and other publications. This was what Wolfe called New Journalism , in which some journalists and essayists experimented with a variety of literary techniques , mixing them with the traditional ideal of dispassionate, even-handed reporting. Wolfe experimented with four literary devices not normally associated with feature writing: scene-by-scene construction, extensive dialogue, multiple points of view, and detailed description of individuals' status-life symbols (the material choices people make) in writing this stylized form of journalism. He later referred to this style as literary journalism. Of
1496-533: A conservative by The New Yorker , Vanity Fair , The Washington Post , National Review , and USA Today . Editor Byron Dobell labelled Wolfe a reactionary ; while a member of the Black Panther Party called him a racist, due to his portrayal of the party in Radical Chic . Wolfe rejected such labels, saying "If I have been judged to be right wing , I think this is because of
1683-641: A daughter, Alexandra; and a son, Thomas Kennerly III. Wolfe died from an infection in Manhattan on May 14, 2018, at the age of 88. The historian Meredith Hindley credits Wolfe with introducing the terms "statusphere", "the right stuff", " radical chic ", " the Me Decade " and "good ol' boy" into the English lexicon . Wolfe was at times incorrectly credited with coining the term " trophy wife ". His term for extremely thin women in his novel The Bonfire of
1870-775: A division of The New School, and the School's Graduate School expanded in the 2000s, with the renovated, award-winning design of the Sheila C. Johnson Design Center at 66 Fifth Avenue on 13th Street. The Cooper Union is located in Greenwich Village, at Astor Place , near St. Mark's Place on the border of the East Village . Pratt Institute established its latest Manhattan campus in an adaptively reused Brunner & Tryon -designed loft building on 14th Street, east of Seventh Avenue. The university campus building expansion
2057-769: A fan and collector of modern art, later introduced Southern to British gallery owner and art dealer Robert Fraser . Not long after arriving in Los Angeles, Southern met Gail Gerber, a young Canadian-born actress and dancer, on the MGM backlot. Gerber, who used the stage name Gail Gilmore , was working as a dancer on an Elvis Presley movie, and she had a non-speaking role in The Loved One . Southern and Gerber soon began an affair. The relationship intensified during July/August 1964, and after Southern's wife and son went back to East Canaan, Southern and Gerber moved in together in
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#17327726566452244-677: A frame house capacious enough to hold sittings of the New York General Assembly when smallpox rendered the city dangerous in 1739 and subsequent years; on one occasion in 1746, the house of Mordecai Gomez was used. Warren's house, which survived until the Civil War era , overlooked the North River from a bluff; its site on the block bounded by Perry and Charles Streets, Bleecker and West 4th Streets, can still be recognized by its mid-19th century rowhouses inserted into
2431-656: A group of 22 houses sharing a common back garden, built in the Greek Revival style and later renovated with Colonial Revival façades. In 1969, the LPC designated the Greenwich Village Historic District – which remained the city's largest for four decades – despite preservationists' advocacy for the entire neighborhood to be designated an historic district. Advocates continued to pursue their goal of additional designation, spurred in particular by
2618-609: A job with UNESCO , which supported them as Southern continued to write. The years in Geneva were a prolific period during which he prepared Flash and Filigree for publication, and worked on Candy and The Magic Christian as well as TV scripts and short stories. The couple made trips to Paris, where they visited Mason Hoffenberg, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs , and to London, where Southern met Henry Green and Kenneth Tynan . During his time in New York, Southern had written
2805-502: A modest aspirant form." Irving was perhaps the most dismissive, saying "It's like reading a bad newspaper or a bad piece in a magazine ... read sentences and watch yourself gag." Wolfe responded, saying, "It's a tantrum. It's a wonderful tantrum. A Man in Full panicked Irving the same way it panicked Updike and Norman. Frightened them. Panicked them." He later called Updike and Mailer "two old piles of bones" and said again that Irving
2992-637: A more complex set of relationships wherein the journalist becomes an involved, more fully reactive witness, no longer distanced and detached from the people and events reported." Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test is considered a striking example of New Journalism. This account of the Merry Pranksters , a famous sixties counter-culture group, was highly experimental in Wolfe's use of onomatopoeia , free association , and eccentric punctuation—such as multiple exclamation marks and italics—to convey
3179-447: A more permanent home at 52 West 8th Street. The school remained active until 1958, when Hofmann retired from teaching. On January 8, 1947, stevedore Andy Hintz was fatally shot by hitmen John M. Dunn , Andrew Sheridan , and Danny Gentile in front of his apartment. Before he died on January 29, he told his wife that "Johnny Dunn shot me." The three gunmen were immediately arrested. Sheridan and Dunn were executed. The Village hosted
3366-532: A neighborhood still retaining many houses of the 1830–37 boom. From 1797 until 1829, the bucolic village of Greenwich was the location of New York State's first penitentiary , Newgate Prison, on the Hudson River at what is now West 10th Street , near the Christopher Street pier. The building was designed by Joseph-François Mangin , who would later co-design New York City Hall . Although
3553-484: A never-completed novel titled The Hipsters , which he had begun in Geneva. He became part of the New York artists and writers 'salon' of his old friend Plimpton—who had also moved back to New York— frequenting the Cedar Tavern , rubbing shoulders with writers James Jones , William Styron , Norman Mailer , Philip Roth , Harold "Doc" Humes, Jack Gelber , Jules Feiffer , Blair Fuller, Gore Vidal , Kenneth Tynan ,
3740-546: A new installment in each biweekly issue of Rolling Stone . Later Wolfe was unhappy with his "very public first draft" and thoroughly revised his work, even changing his protagonist, Sherman McCoy. Wolfe had originally made him a writer, but recast him as a bond salesman. Wolfe researched and revised for two years, and his The Bonfire of the Vanities was published in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from
3927-688: A part of the Village ethos. Shortly after the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) was established in 1965, it acted to protect parts of Greenwich Village, designating the small Charlton-King-Vandam Historic District in 1966, which contains the city's largest concentration of row houses in the Federal style, as well as a significant concentration of Greek Revival houses, and the even smaller MacDougal-Sullivan Gardens Historic District in 1967,
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#17327726566454114-716: A plurality (42%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 24% are between 45 and 64, and 15% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 9% and 10%, respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2 (including the Financial District and Tribeca ) was $ 144,878, though the median income in Greenwich Village individually was $ 119,728. In 2018, an estimated 9% of Greenwich Village and SoHo residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. Rent burden, or
4301-660: A position with the New York Herald Tribune as a general assignment reporter and feature writer. The editors of the Herald Tribune , including Clay Felker of the Sunday section supplement New York magazine, encouraged their writers to break the conventions of newspaper writing. Wolfe attracted attention in 1963 when, three months before the JFK assassination , he published an article on George Ohsawa and
4488-473: A regional newspaper reporter in the 1950s, achieving national prominence in the 1960s following the publication of such best-selling books as The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (an account of Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters ) and two collections of articles and essays, The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby and Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers . In 1979, he published
4675-484: A rural retreat close enough to New York to allow Terry to commute there. Southern met and became friendly with jazz musician and bandleader Artie Shaw , and they began looking for properties together. Shaw put down a deposit on a farm in East Canaan, Connecticut, but at the urging of a friend Southern convinced Shaw to let him buy the farm, which he purchased for $ 23,000. During 1959 and 1960, he continued working on
4862-510: A screenwriter and script doctor, and allowed him to greatly increase his fee, from the reported $ 2,000 he received for Dr. Strangelove to as much as $ 100,000 thereafter. During the latter half of the 1960s, Southern worked on the screenplays of a string of "cult" films. His credits in this period include The Loved One (1965), The Collector (1965), The Cincinnati Kid (1965), Casino Royale (1967), Barbarella (1968), Easy Rider (1969), The Magic Christian (1969), and End of
5049-408: A short story "about a girl in Greenwich Village who got involved with a hunchback because she was such a good Samaritan" and this became the core of Candy , co-written with Mason Hoffenberg. On his return to Paris in late 1956, Southern showed the story to several people, including Hoffenberg, who thought the character should have more adventures. Southern encouraged Hoffenberg to write one; this became
5236-584: A subjective style. Upon leaving Yale, he wrote a friend, explaining through expletives his personal opinions about his thesis. Though Wolfe was offered teaching jobs in academia, he opted to work as a reporter. In 1956, while still preparing his thesis, Wolfe became a reporter for the Springfield Union in Springfield, Massachusetts . Wolfe finished his thesis in 1957. In 1959, he was hired by The Washington Post . Wolfe has said that part of
5423-677: A suite at the Chateau Marmont hotel. He and Kauffman were divorced in 1965. Working with Richardson and Isherwood, Southern turned Waugh's novel into "an all-out attack on Hollywood, consumerism, and the hypocrisies surrounding man's fear of death". Southern also wrote the text for a souvenir book, which featured photos by William Claxton . Work on the film continued through most of 1965, with Southern and Gerber spending much of their leisure time with their newfound film star friends in Malibu, California. Loved One co-producer John Calley
5610-538: A tryout with the New York Giants , but was cut after three days, which he blamed on his inability to throw good fastballs. Wolfe abandoned baseball and instead followed his professor Fishwick's example, enrolling in Yale University 's American studies doctoral program. His Ph.D. thesis was titled The League of American Writers: Communist Organizational Activity Among American Writers, 1929–1942. In
5797-427: A vastly adequate social satirist". Novelist Louis Auchincloss praised Wolfe, describing The Bonfire of the Vanities as "a marvelous book". Critic James Wood disparaged Wolfe's "big subjects, big people, and yards of flapping exaggeration. No one of average size emerges from his shop; in fact, no real human variety can be found in his fiction, because everyone has the same enormous excitability." In 2000, Wolfe
Terry Southern - Misplaced Pages Continue
5984-434: Is The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (published the same day as The Pump House Gang in 1968), which for many epitomized the 1960s. Although a conservative in many ways (in 2008, he claimed never to have used LSD and to have tried marijuana only once ), Wolfe became one of the notable figures of the decade. In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers . "Radical Chic"
6171-491: Is an art school formed in the mid-1960s in the Village. Officially opened September 23, 1964, the school is still active, at 8 W. 8th Street, the site of the original Whitney Museum of American Art . Greenwich Village was home to a safe house used by the radical anti-war movement known as the Weather Underground . On March 6, 1970, their safehouse was destroyed when an explosive device they were constructing
6358-429: Is another sub-neighborhood of Greenwich Village that is bordered on its west by the Hudson River and on its east by Hudson Street . Into the early 20th century, Greenwich Village was distinguished from the upper-class neighborhood of Washington Square—based on the major landmark of Washington Square Park or Empire Ward in the 19th century. Encyclopædia Britannica ' s 1956 article on "New York (City)" states (under
6545-564: Is more organic than the planned grid pattern of the 19th century grid plan (based on the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 ). Greenwich Village was allowed to keep the 18th century street pattern of what is now called the West Village: areas that were already built up when the plan was implemented, west of what is now Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue , resulted in a neighborhood whose streets are dramatically different, in layout, from
6732-540: Is no way you can make a movie of it. It deals with youthful incitement, which is illegal." As a result, Paramount put it into ' turnaround ' and it was eventually picked up by Kubrick three years later. During the frequent downtime during the filming of Casino Royale , Filmways hired Southern to do a "tightening and brightening" job on the screenplay of the occult thriller Eye of the Devil , which starred David Niven and featured Sharon Tate in her first film role. Through
6919-558: Is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Greenwich Village has undergone extensive gentrification and commercialization; the four ZIP Codes that constitute the Village – 10011, 10012, 10003, and 10014 – were all ranked among the ten most expensive in the United States by median housing prices in 2014, according to Forbes , with residential property sale prices in
7106-654: Is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, at 77 Bedford Street (built 1799, much altered and enlarged 1836, third story 1928). When the Church of St. Luke in the Fields was founded in 1820, it stood in fields south of the road (now Christopher Street) that led from Greenwich Lane (now Greenwich Avenue ) down to a landing on the North River. In 1822, a yellow fever epidemic in New York encouraged residents to flee to
7293-529: The Pink Panther film series. Southern also helped Sellers with dialogue coaching. Originally slated to play four roles, including that of the Texan B-52 bomber pilot Major Kong, the actor had difficulty mastering the accent. Southern, a native Texan, taped himself speaking Kong's lines for Sellers to study. Sellers, who had never been comfortable in the role of Kong, was able to extricate himself from
7480-635: The Village Vanguard and the Blue Note are still presenting some of the biggest names in jazz on a regular basis. Other music clubs include The Bitter End , and Lion's Den . The Village has its own orchestra aptly named the Greenwich Village Orchestra . Comedy clubs dot the Village as well, including Comedy Cellar , where many American stand-up comedians got their start. Several publications have offices in
7667-556: The Aga Khan , the cast of the British comedy stage revue Beyond The Fringe , Jackie Kennedy , British actress Jean Marsh , and Tynan's first wife, Elaine Dundy , through whom Southern met satirist Lenny Bruce . Flash and Filigree had been published in the U.S. by Coward McCann in the fall of 1958. Several fragments from The Hipsters were published as short stories during this period, including "Red-Dirt Marijuana" published, in
Terry Southern - Misplaced Pages Continue
7854-583: The Beatles , the Rolling Stones , photographer Michael Cooper , interior designer Christopher Gibbs , model-actress Anita Pallenberg , filmmaker Nicolas Roeg , painter Francis Bacon , producer Sandy Lieberson , Guinness heir Tara Browne , and model Donyale Luna . Southern became close friends with photographer Michael Cooper, who was part of the Rolling Stones' inner circle and who shot
8041-459: The Caffe Cino at 31 Cornelia Street, operated by the eccentric Joe Cino , who early on took a liking to actors and playwrights and agreed to let them stage plays there without bothering to read the plays first, or to even find out much about the content. Also integral to the rise of Off-Off-Broadway were Ellen Stewart at La MaMa , originally located at 321 E. 9th Street, and Al Carmines at
8228-621: The Cinémathèque Française in Paris and saw jazz performances by leading bebop musicians including Charlie Parker , Dizzy Gillespie , Bud Powell , Thelonious Monk , and Miles Davis , evoked in his classic "You're Too Hip, Baby". During the early 1950s he wrote some of his best short stories, including "The Butcher" and "The Automatic Gate", both published in David Burnett's New-Story magazine. His story "The Accident"
8415-574: The East Village to the east, SoHo and Hudson Square to the south, and Chelsea and Union Square to the north. The East Village was formerly considered part of the Lower East Side and has never been considered a part of Greenwich Village. The western part of Greenwich Village is known as the West Village ; the dividing line of its eastern border is debated but commonly cited as Seventh Avenue or Sixth Avenue . The Far West Village
8602-503: The East Village - Haight Ashbury hippie scene of the next decade. The Village (and surrounding New York City) would later play central roles in the writings of, among others, Maya Angelou , James Baldwin , William S. Burroughs , Truman Capote , Allen Ginsberg , Jack Kerouac , Rod McKuen , Marianne Moore , and Dylan Thomas , who collapsed at the Chelsea Hotel , and died at St. Vincents Hospital at 170 West 12th Street, in
8789-552: The Grey Art Gallery bordering Washington Square Park, at 100 Washington Square East. The Grey Art Gallery is notable for its museum-quality exhibitions of contemporary art. The Village has a bustling performing arts scene. It is home to many Off Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway theaters; for instance, Blue Man Group has taken up residence in the Astor Place Theater. The Village Gate (until 1992),
8976-514: The Iraq War . In a 2004 interview in The Guardian , he said that his "idol" in writing about society and culture is Émile Zola . Wolfe described Zola as "a man of the left", one who "went out, and found a lot of ambitious, drunk, slothful and mean people out there. Zola simply could not—and was not interested in—telling a lie." Despite his mostly conservative views, Wolfe also criticized
9163-557: The James Bond team of Harry Saltzman and Cubby Broccoli . He also wrote an essay on John Fowles ' novel The Collector , which led to his work as a "script doctor" on the subsequent screen version. Southern's writing career took off in 1963. His essay "Twirlin' at Ole Miss" was published in Esquire in February 1963, and this work of satirical reportage is now acknowledged as one of the cornerstone works of New Journalism . This
9350-784: The National LGBTQ Wall of Honor was inaugurated at the Stonewall Inn; and on June 28, 2024, the Stonewall National Monument Visitors Center opened, as the first official national visitors center dedicated to the LGBTQ+ experience to open anywhere in the world. Numerous politicians and celebrities participated in the inauguration ceremonies, and the New York City Subway 's Christopher Street–Sheridan Square station
9537-568: The New York City Council 's 3rd district. In the 16th century, Lenape referred to its farthest northwest corner, by the cove on the Hudson River at present-day Gansevoort Street, as Sapokanikan ("tobacco field"). The land was cleared and turned into pasture by the Dutch and their enslaved Africans, who named their settlement Noortwyck (also spelled Noortw ij ck , "North district", equivalent to 'North wich /Northwick'). In
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#17327726566459724-667: The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on the basis of its status in LGBTQ history, and on June 24, 2016, the Stonewall National Monument was named the first U.S. National Monument dedicated to the LGBTQ-rights movement. Greenwich Village contains the world's oldest gay and lesbian bookstore, Oscar Wilde Bookshop , founded in 1967, while The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center – best known as simply "The Center" – has occupied
9911-729: The Provincetown Players converted the structure into a theatre they christened the Cherry Lane Playhouse, which opened on March 24, 1924, with the play The Man Who Ate the Popomack . During the 1940s The Living Theatre , Theatre of the Absurd , and the Downtown Theater movement all took root there, and it developed a reputation as a showcase for aspiring playwrights and emerging voices. In one of
10098-538: The Putnam company to reissue Candy under his and Hoffenberg's real names, and he hired Sterling Lord as his literary agent, . In the summer of 1962, Southern worked for two months as a relief editor at Esquire , and during this period, he had several stories published in the magazine, including "The Road to Axotle". Through Esquire , he interviewed rising filmmaker Stanley Kubrick , who had completed his controversial screen adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov 's novel Lolita . Although Southern knew little about Kubrick,
10285-401: The Velvet Underground . The Greenwich Village of the 1950s and 1960s was at the center of Jane Jacobs 's book The Death and Life of Great American Cities , which defended it and similar communities, while criticizing common urban renewal policies of the time. Founded by New York-based artist Mercedes Matter and her students, the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture
10472-403: The West Bronx (the current site of Bronx Community College ), to Greenwich Village with many buildings around Gould Plaza on West 4th Street. In 1976 Yeshiva University established the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in the northern part of Greenwich Village. In the 1980s Hebrew Union College was built in Greenwich Village. The New School , with its Parsons The New School for Design ,
10659-445: The bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBTQ movement , and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat Generation and counterculture of the 1960s . Greenwich Village contains Washington Square Park , as well as two of New York City's private colleges, New York University (NYU) and The New School . In later years it has been associated with hipsters . Greenwich Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2 , and
10846-481: The independent film movement of the 1970s . Southern was born in Alvarado, Texas . He graduated from Sunset High School in Dallas, Texas in 1941. He attended North Texas Agricultural College for a year as a pre-med major before transferring to Southern Methodist University , where he continued to cultivate his interest in literature. From 1943 to 1945, he served in the U.S. Army as a demolitions technician during World War II. Stationed in Reading, England with
11033-406: The sanpaku condition foretelling death. During the 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike , Wolfe approached Esquire magazine about an article on the hot rod and custom car culture of southern California . He struggled with the article until his editor, Byron Dobell , suggested that Wolfe send him his notes so they could piece the story together. Wolfe procrastinated. The evening before
11220-437: The 1630s, Governor Wouter van Twiller farmed tobacco on 200 acres (0.81 km ) here at his "Farm in the Woods". The English conquered the Dutch settlement of New Netherland in 1664, and Greenwich Village developed as a hamlet separate from the larger New York City to the south on land that would eventually become the Financial District . In 1644, the eleven Dutch African settlers in the area were granted half freedoms after
11407-404: The 19th century, the district of Washington Square was considered separate from Greenwich Village. In 1825, the Commercial Advertiser was writing that "Greenwich is no longer a country village. Such has been the growth of our city that the building of one block more will connect the two places" of Greenwich and New York. By 1850, the city had developed entirely around Greenwich Village such that
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#173277265664511594-440: The 435th Quartermaster Platoon (allowing for frequent forays to London), he earned a Bronze Star and a Good Conduct Medal . In the autumn of 1946, he resumed his studies at the University of Chicago before transferring to Northwestern University , where he received his undergraduate degree in philosophy in 1948. Southern left the United States in September 1948, using a G.I. Bill grant to travel to France, where he studied at
11781-438: The City of New York's right to transfer three plots of Department of Transportation-owned land to the university for constructing staging, which plaintiffs claimed required the consent of the state legislature. Ultimately, the Appellate Division of New York's Supreme Court ruled in the university's favor after a lower court blocked the expansion plan; however, so far, the university has only begun construction on 181 Mercer Street ,
11968-419: The Eon series, Feldman then decided to shoot the film as a parody, not only of James Bond but of the entire spy fiction genre. The casino segment featuring Peter Sellers and Orson Welles is the only portion based upon the novel. Southern and Gail Gerber moved to London in early 1966, when Southern was hired to work on the screenplay of Casino Royale . The episodic "quasi-psychedelic burlesque" proved to be
12155-427: The Faculté Des Lettres of the Sorbonne . His four-year stint in Paris was a crucial formative influence, both on his development as a writer and on the evolution of his "hip" persona. During this period he made many important friendships and social contacts as he became a central figure in the expatriate American café society of the 1950s. He became close friends with Mason Hoffenberg (with whom he subsequently co-wrote
12342-446: The Frederick Fall company. The editing process took much longer than expected: A drug bust led Trocchi to flee to the UK via Canada, leaving Southern and Seaver to finish the book, and editor Stephen Levine was recruited to assist. Terry and Carol's son and only child Nile Southern was born on December 29, 1960. Around this time, Southern began writing for Maurice Girodias' new periodical Olympia Review . He began negotiations with
12529-503: The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, including the former Bell Telephone Labs Complex (1861–1933), now Westbeth Artists' Housing , designated in 2011; the Silver Towers/University Village Complex (1967), designed by I.M. Pei and including the Picasso sculpture Portrait of Sylvette , designated in 2008; and three early 19th-century federal houses at 127, 129 and 131 MacDougal Street. Several contextual rezonings were enacted in Greenwich Village in recent years to limit
12716-432: The January–February 1960 edition of Evergreen Review ; and "Razor Fight", published in Glamour magazine. He had an essay on Lotte Lenya published in Esquire . In early 1960, he began writing book reviews for The Nation , which were published over the next two years. During the year, he collaborated with his old Paris friends Trocchi and Richard Seaver , compiling "Writers in Revolt," an anthology of modern fiction for
12903-560: The Judson Poets' Theater, located at Judson Memorial Church on the south side of Washington Square Park . The Village had a cutting-edge cabaret and music scene. The Village Gate , the Village Vanguard , and the Blue Note (since 1981) regularly hosted some of the biggest names in jazz . Greenwich Village also played a major role in the development of the folk music scene of the 1960s. Music clubs included Gerde's Folk City , The Bitter End , Cafe Au Go Go , Cafe Wha? , The Gaslight Cafe and The Bottom Line . Three of
13090-460: The Road (1970). In early 1964, Southern was hired to collaborate with British author Christopher Isherwood on a screen adaptation of Evelyn Waugh 's satirical novel The Loved One , directed by British filmmaker Tony Richardson . When filming was postponed in the spring of 1964, Southern returned to East Canaan and continued work on a rewrite of the script for the film version of John Fowles ' The Collector but he eventually withdrew from
13277-652: The Third Great Awakening . In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff , an account of the pilots who became America's first astronauts . Following their training and unofficial, even foolhardy, exploits, he likened these heroes to " single combat warriors" of a bygone era, going forth to battle in the Space Race on behalf of their country. In 1983, the book was adapted into an Academy Award -winning feature film . Wolfe also wrote two critiques of and social histories of modern art and modern architecture , The Painted Word and From Bauhaus to Our House , published in 1975 and 1981, respectively. The Painted Word mocked
13464-526: The Vanities was "social X-rays". According to journalism professor Ben Yagoda , Wolfe is also responsible for the use of the present tense in magazine profile pieces; before he began doing so in the early 1960s, profile articles had always been written in the past tense . Greenwich Village Greenwich Village , or simply the Village , is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan in New York City, bounded by 14th Street to
13651-549: The Village after drinking at the White Horse Tavern on November 5, 1953. Off-Off-Broadway began in Greenwich Village in 1958 as a reaction to Off Broadway , and a "complete rejection of commercial theatre". Among the first venues for what would soon be called "Off-Off-Broadway" (a term supposedly coined by critic Jerry Tallmer of the Village Voice ) were coffeehouses in Greenwich Village, in particular,
13838-535: The Village and have fought to preserve its architectural and historic integrity. In the 1960s, Margot Gayle led a group of citizens to preserve the Jefferson Market Courthouse (later reused as Jefferson Market Library), while other citizen groups fought to keep traffic out of Washington Square Park, and Jane Jacobs , using the Village as an example of a vibrant urban community, advocated to keep it that way. Since then, preservation has been
14025-793: The Village's nightclub, theater, and coffeehouse scene during the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. Many artists garnered critical acclaim, some before and some after, performed in the Village. This list includes Eric Andersen , Joan Baez , Jackson Browne , the Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem , Richie Havens , Jimi Hendrix , Janis Ian , the Kingston Trio , the Lovin' Spoonful , Bette Midler , Liza Minnelli , Joni Mitchell , Maria Muldaur , Laura Nyro , Phil Ochs , Tom Paxton , Peter, Paul, and Mary , Carly Simon , Simon & Garfunkel , Nina Simone , Barbra Streisand , James Taylor , and
14212-551: The Village, most notably the monthly magazines American Heritage and Fortune and formerly also the citywide newsweekly the Village Voice . The National Audubon Society , having relocated its national headquarters from a mansion in Carnegie Hill to a restored and very green , former industrial building in NoHo , relocated to smaller but even greener LEED certified building at 225 Varick Street, on Houston Street near
14399-478: The Village. As one press critic put it in 2013, "For decades, New York University has waged architectural war on Greenwich Village." In recent years, the university has clashed most prominently with community groups such as the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation over the construction of new NYU academic buildings and residence halls. During the design of Furman Hall in 2000,
14586-726: The Weavers , who also in Christmas 1949, played at the Village Vanguard . The annual Greenwich Village Halloween Parade , initiated in 1974 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee , is the world's largest Halloween parade and America's only major Halloween nighttime parade, attracting more than 60,000 costumed participants, two million in-person spectators, and a worldwide television audience of over 100 million. The parade has its roots in New York's queer community. Greenwich Village again became important to
14773-538: The West Village neighborhood typically exceeding US$ 2,100/sq ft ($ 23,000/m ) in 2017. The neighborhood is bordered by Broadway to the east, the North River (part of the Hudson River ) to the west, Houston Street to the south, and 14th Street to the north. It is roughly centered on Washington Square Park and New York University . Adjacent to Greenwich Village are the neighborhoods of NoHo and
14960-554: The album's front-cover collage, which was photographed by Cooper. Soon after, a collection of his short writing Red-Dirt Marijuana and Other Tastes , was published in the US. It received favorable reviews from critics, and the cover blurb featured a highly complimentary quote from Gore Vidal , who described Southern as "the most profoundly witty writer of our generation". Work on Barbarella continued through to late 1967, and Southern convinced Vadim to cast his friend Anita Pallenberg in
15147-653: The bohemian scene during the 1950s, when the Beat Generation focused its energies there. Fleeing from what they saw as oppressive social conformity, a loose collection of writers, poets, artists, and students (later known as the Beats ) and the Beatniks , moved to Greenwich Village, and to North Beach in San Francisco , in many ways creating the U.S. East Coast and West Coast predecessors, respectively, to
15334-544: The building housed the first architectural school in the United States. Soon after its completion in 1857, the building helped to make Greenwich Village central to the arts in New York City, drawing artists from all over the country to work, exhibit, and sell their art. In its initial years Winslow Homer took a studio there, as did Edward Lamson Henry , and many of the artists of the Hudson River School , including Frederic Church and Albert Bierstadt . From
15521-659: The buildings of Greenwich Village are mid-rise apartments, 19th century row houses, and the occasional one-family walk-up, a sharp contrast to the high-rise landscape in Midtown and Downtown Manhattan . Politically, Greenwich Village is in New York's 10th congressional district . It is also in the New York State Senate 's 25th district, the New York State Assembly 's 66th district, and
15708-540: The chagrin of Cooper and the Stones—and the director's chair was initially offered to Richard Lester , who turned it down. Southern's old friend Ted Kotcheff was then approached, but at this point, the project stalled – under the British censorship regulations of the time, the treatment had to be submitted to the Lord Chamberlain , who returned it, unread, with a note attached that said: "I know this book and there
15895-524: The controversial novel Naked Lunch by then-little-known author Burroughs. In early 1958, Southern made his first foray into screenwriting, working with Canadian director Ted Kotcheff , who had come to Britain to work for the newly established ABC Weekend TV company. Kotcheff directed Southern's TV adaptation of Eugene O'Neill 's The Emperor Jones , which was broadcast in the UK in March. This coincided with
16082-664: The corrupting effects of money. He finished the book in Geneva over the fall and winter of 1958–1959. and it was published by André Deutsch in Spring 1959 to mixed reviews; however, it soon gained an avid cult following. By the time it had been published, the Southerns had decided to return to the U.S.; they left Geneva for New York in April 1959. After moving back to the U.S., the Southerns stayed with friends for several months until they were able to buy their own home. They were looking for
16269-497: The couple married just before they moved to New York City. In 1953, Southern and Gadiot returned to the US and settled in Greenwich Village in New York City. As he had in Paris, Southern quickly became a prominent figure on the artistic scene that flourished in the Village in the late 1950s. He met visual artists such as Robert Frank and Larry Rivers . Through Mason Hoffenberg, who made occasional visits from Paris, he
16456-404: The course of his research, Wolfe interviewed Malcolm Cowley , Archibald MacLeish , and James T. Farrell . A biographer remarked on the thesis: "Reading it, one sees what has been the most baleful influence of graduate education on many who have suffered through it: It deadens all sense of style." Originally rejected, his thesis was finally accepted after he rewrote it in an objective rather than
16643-588: The cover photos for the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band LP. Southern attended the Cannes Film Festival in the spring of 1966, where he met Andy Warhol and Gerard Malanga , and he remained in touch with Malanga for many years. On his return to London, he continued work on the Casino Royale screenplay and a screen adaptation of The Magic Christian for Peter Sellers, who
16830-553: The deadline, he typed a letter to Dobell explaining what he wanted to say on the subject, ignoring all journalistic conventions. Dobell's response was to remove the salutation "Dear Byron" from the top of the letter and publish it intact as reportage. The result, published in 1963, was "There Goes (Varoom! Varoom!) That Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby." The article was widely discussed—loved by some, hated by others. Its notoriety helped Wolfe gain publication of his first book, The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby ,
17017-406: The decline of a poor, bright scholarship student from Alleghany County, North Carolina, after attending an elite university. He conveys an institution filled with snobbery, materialism, anti-intellectualism, and sexual promiscuity. The novel met with a mostly tepid response by critics. Many social conservatives praised it in the belief that its portrayal revealed widespread moral decline. The novel won
17204-452: The director was well aware of Southern's work, having been given a copy of The Magic Christian by Peter Sellers during the making of Lolita . Southern's life and career changed irrevocably on November 2, 1962, when he received a telegram inviting him to come to London to work on the screenplay of Kubrick's new film, which was then in pre-production. Partly on the recommendation of Peter Sellers, Stanley Kubrick asked Southern to help revise
17391-461: The early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn , 53 Christopher Street . Considered together, the demonstrations are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBTQ rights in the United States . On June 23, 2015, the Stonewall Inn was the first landmark in New York City to be recognized by
17578-460: The excessive insularity of the art world and its dependence on what he saw as faddish critical theory. In From Bauhaus to Our House he explored what he said were the negative effects of the Bauhaus style on the evolution of modern architecture. In 2016, Wolfe published The Kingdom of Speech , a critique of the work of Charles Darwin and Noam Chomsky . Wolfe synthesized what he construed as
17765-577: The fact that the bohemian days of Greenwich Village are long gone, because of the extraordinarily high housing costs in the neighborhood. The artists fled to other New York City neighborhoods including SoHo , Tribeca , Dumbo , Williamsburg , and Long Island City . Nevertheless, residents of Greenwich Village still possess a strong community identity and are proud of their neighborhood's unique history and fame, and its well-known liberal live-and-let-live attitudes. Historically, local residents and preservation groups have been concerned about development in
17952-457: The film adaptations of Ian Fleming 's James Bond series, produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman , had become a successful and popular film franchise. However, the rights to Fleming's first Bond novel Casino Royale had been secured by rival producer Charles K. Feldman . He had attempted to get Casino Royale made as an Eon Productions James Bond film, but Broccoli and Saltzman turned him down. Believing he could not compete with
18139-590: The first Black legal protest in America. All received parcels of land in what is now Greenwich Village, in an area that became known as the Land of the Blacks . The earliest known reference to the village's name as "Greenwich" dates back to 1696, in the will of Yellis Mandeville of Greenwich; however, the village was not mentioned in the city records until 1713. Sir Peter Warren began accumulating land in 1731 and built
18326-442: The first building in the planned 1.5-million-square-foot (140,000 m ) expansion southwards. For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Greenwich Village as part of the West Village neighborhood tabulation area. According to the 2010 United States Census , the population of West Village was 66,880, a change of −1,603 (−2.4%) from the 68,483 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 583.47 acres (236.12 ha),
18513-423: The former Food & Maritime Trades High School at 208 West 13th Street since 1984. In 2006, the Village was the scene of an assault involving seven lesbians and a straight man that sparked appreciable media attention, with strong statements defending both sides of the case. On June 20, 2023, the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Washington Square North was officially renamed Edie Windsor and Thea Speyer Way at
18700-516: The founding of "The Independent Republic of Greenwich Village" on January 24, 1917). In 1924, the Cherry Lane Theatre was established. Located at 38 Commerce Street, it is New York City's oldest continuously running Off-Broadway theater. A landmark in Greenwich Village's cultural landscape, it was built as a farm silo in 1817, and also served as a tobacco warehouse and box factory before Edna St. Vincent Millay and other members of
18887-576: The four members of the Mamas & the Papas met there. Guitarist and folk singer Dave Van Ronk lived there for many years. Village resident and cultural icon Bob Dylan by the mid-60s had become one of the world's foremost popular songwriters, and often developments in Greenwich Village would influence the simultaneously occurring folk rock movement in San Francisco and elsewhere, and vice versa. Dozens of other cultural and popular icons got their start in
19074-405: The fray. The novel was selected to be adapted into a television series by Netflix in 2021. In 2001, Wolfe published an essay referring to his three main literary critics as "My Three Stooges." That year he also published Hooking Up (a collection of short pieces, including the 1997 novella Ambush at Fort Bragg ). He published his third novel, I Am Charlotte Simmons (2004), chronicling
19261-401: The frequent release of prisoners, sometimes as many as 50 a day. Since the prison was north of the New York City boundary at the time, being sentenced to Newgate became known as being "sent up the river". This term became popularized once prisoners started being sentenced to Sing Sing Prison , in the town of Ossining upstream of New York City. The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village
19448-434: The golden age of bohemianism , Greenwich Village became famous for such eccentrics as Joe Gould (profiled at length by Joseph Mitchell ) and Maxwell Bodenheim , dancer Isadora Duncan , writer William Faulkner , and playwright Eugene O'Neill . Political rebellion also made its home here, whether serious ( John Reed ) or frivolous ( Marcel Duchamp and friends set off balloons from atop Washington Square Arch , proclaiming
19635-484: The groups to avoid future appeals, which included reducing the building to 9 stories and restoring the facades of two historic houses located on the site, the Judson House and a red-brick town house where Edgar Allan Poe once lived, which NYU reconstructed as they appeared in the 19th century. Another dispute arose during the construction of the 26-story Founders Hall, a residence hall planned to be constructed on
19822-419: The healthier air of Greenwich Village, and afterwards many stayed. The future site of Washington Square was a potter's field from 1797 to 1823 when up to 20,000 of New York's poor were buried here, and still remain. The handsome Greek revival rowhouses on the north side of Washington Square were built about 1832, establishing the fashion of Washington Square and lower Fifth Avenue for decades to come. Well into
20009-517: The homicide squad in The Bronx . While the research came easily, he encountered difficulty in writing. To overcome his writer's block, Wolfe wrote to Jann Wenner , editor of Rolling Stone , to propose an idea drawn from Charles Dickens and Thackeray: to serialize his novel. Wenner offered Wolfe around $ 200,000 to serialize his work. The frequent deadline pressure gave him the motivation he had sought, and from July 1984 to August 1985, he published
20196-401: The human future but because he makes us share the enthusiasm with which he perceives the actual." Critic Dwight Garner praised Wolfe as "a brilliantly gifted social observer and satirist" who "made a fetish of close and often comically slashing detail" and was "unafraid of kicking up at the pretensions of the literary establishment." Harold Bloom described Wolfe as "a fierce storyteller, and
20383-421: The increased pace of development in the 1990s. The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation (GVSHP), a nonprofit organization dedicated to the architectural and cultural character and heritage of the neighborhood, successfully proposed new districts and individual landmarks to the LPC. Those include: The Landmarks Preservation Commission designated as landmarks several individual sites proposed by
20570-492: The influential book The Right Stuff about the Mercury Seven astronauts, which was made into a 1983 film of the same name directed by Philip Kaufman . His first novel, The Bonfire of the Vanities , published in 1987, was met with critical acclaim and also became a commercial success. Its adaptation as a motion picture of the same name, directed by Brian De Palma , was a critical and commercial failure. Wolfe
20757-411: The intention of its first warden, Quaker prison reformer Thomas Eddy , was to provide a rational and humanitarian place for retribution and rehabilitation, the prison soon became an overcrowded and pestilent place, subject to frequent riots by the prisoners which damaged the buildings and killed some inmates. By 1821, the prison, designed for 432 inmates, held 817 instead, a number made possible only by
20944-592: The late 19th century until the present, the Hotel Albert has served as a cultural icon of Greenwich Village. Opened during the 1880s and originally located at 11th Street and University Place, called the Hotel St. Stephan and then, after 1902, called the Hotel Albert while under the ownership of William Ryder, it served as a meeting place, restaurant and dwelling for several important artists and writers from
21131-415: The late 19th century well into the 20th century. After 1902, the owner's brother Albert Pinkham Ryder lived and painted there. Some other noted guests who lived there include: Augustus St. Gaudens , Robert Louis Stevenson , Mark Twain , Hart Crane , Walt Whitman , Anaïs Nin , Thomas Wolfe , Robert Lowell , Horton Foote , Salvador Dalí , Philip Guston , Jackson Pollock , and Andy Warhol . During
21318-517: The manic ideas and personalities of Ken Kesey and his followers. In addition to his own work, Wolfe edited a collection of New Journalism with E. W. Johnson, published in 1973 and titled The New Journalism . This book published pieces by Truman Capote , Hunter S. Thompson , Norman Mailer , Gay Talese , Joan Didion , and several other well-known writers, with the common theme of journalism that incorporated literary techniques and which could be considered literature. In 1965, Wolfe published
21505-554: The many Manhattan properties that Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and her husband owned, Gertrude Whitney established the Whitney Studio Club at 8 West 8th Street in 1914, as a facility where young artists could exhibit their works. By the 1930s it had evolved into her greatest legacy, the Whitney Museum of American Art , on the site of today's New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture . The Whitney
21692-612: The most famous courts, is "The Cage", officially known as the West Fourth Street Courts . Sitting atop the West Fourth Street–Washington Square station at Sixth Avenue, the courts are used by basketball and American handball players from across the city. The Cage has become one of the most important tournament sites for the citywide " Streetball " amateur basketball tournament. Since 1975, New York University's art collection has been housed at
21879-510: The movie as himself. Throughout his early career, Wolfe had planned to write a novel to capture the wide reach of American society. Among his models was William Makepeace Thackeray 's Vanity Fair , which described the society of 19th-century England. In 1981, he ceased his other work to concentrate on the novel. Wolfe began researching the novel by observing cases at the Manhattan Criminal Court and shadowing members of
22066-767: The nation's first racially integrated nightclub , when Café Society was opened in 1938 at 1 Sheridan Square by Barney Josephson . Café Society showcased African American talent and was intended to be an American version of the political cabarets that Josephson had seen in Europe before World War I . Notable performers there included: Pearl Bailey , Count Basie , Nat King Cole , John Coltrane , Miles Davis , Ella Fitzgerald , Coleman Hawkins , Billie Holiday , Lena Horne , Burl Ives , Lead Belly , Anita O'Day , Charlie Parker , Les Paul and Mary Ford , Paul Robeson , Kay Starr , Art Tatum , Sarah Vaughan , Dinah Washington , Josh White , Teddy Wilson , Lester Young , and
22253-403: The neighborhood had a population density of 114.6/acre (73,300/sq mi; 28,300/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 80.9% (54,100) White , 2% (1,353) African American , 0.1% (50) Native American , 8.2% (5,453) Asian , 0% (20) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (236) from other races , and 2.4% (1,614) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 6.1% (4,054) of
22440-517: The north side of Houston Street and around Bleecker Street and Carmine Street. Many of them being immigrants from Naples and Sicily . Up until the late 2000s, the village was home to one of the largest Italian speaking communities in the United States. Greenwich Village includes several collegiate institutions. Since the 1830s, New York University (NYU) has had a campus there. In 1973 NYU moved from its campus in University Heights in
22627-495: The north, Broadway to the east, Houston Street to the south, and the Hudson River to the west. Greenwich Village also contains several subsections, including the West Village west of Seventh Avenue and the Meatpacking District in the northwest corner of Greenwich Village. Its name comes from Groenwijck , Dutch for "Green District". In the 20th century, Greenwich Village was known as an artists' haven,
22814-411: The novel Candy ), Alexander Trocchi , John Marquand , Mordecai Richler , Aram Avakian (filmmaker, photographer and brother of Columbia Records jazz producer George Avakian ), and jazz musician and motorsport enthusiast Allen Eager . He also met expatriate American writer James Baldwin and leading French intellectuals Jean Cocteau , Jean-Paul Sartre , and Albert Camus . Southern frequented
23001-406: The novel, to star Mick Jagger and The Rolling Stones as Alex and his gang of droogs. Through Si Litvinoff , Southern optioned the book for the bargain price of $ 1,000 (against a final price of $ 10,000), and Lieberson and David Puttnam set up a development deal with Paramount , who underwrote a draft by Southern and Cooper. Actor David Hemmings was briefly considered for the role of Alex—much to
23188-472: The older street grid. When Sixth and Seventh Avenues were extended in the early 20th century, they were built diagonally to the existing street plan, and many older, smaller streets had to be demolished. Unlike the streets of most of Manhattan above Houston Street, streets in the Village are typically named, not numbered. While some of the formerly named streets (including Factory, Herring and Amity Streets) are now numbered, they still do not always conform to
23375-410: The ordered structure of the newer parts of Manhattan. Many of the neighborhood's streets are narrow and some curve at odd angles. This is generally regarded as adding to both the historic character and charm of the neighborhood. In addition, as the meandering Greenwich Street used to be on the Hudson River shoreline, much of the neighborhood west of Greenwich Street is on landfill, but still follows
23562-524: The part after allegedly fracturing his ankle, forcing Kubrick to re-cast. The part eventually went to actor Slim Pickens, who Kubrick met during his brief stint working on Marlon Brando 's One-Eyed Jacks . After the film went into wider release in January 1964, Southern was the subject of considerable media coverage, and erroneously was given primary credit for the screenplay, a misperception he did little to correct. This reportedly angered both Kubrick—who
23749-569: The people he observed, making him, in their eyes, "a man from Mars, the man who didn't know anything and was eager to know." In 1989, Wolfe wrote an essay for Harper's Magazine , titled " Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast ". It criticized modern American novelists for failing to engage fully with their subjects, and suggested that modern literature could be saved by a greater reliance on journalistic technique. Asked to comment by The Wall Street Journal on blogs in 2007 to mark
23936-448: The people you are writing about for long stretches ... long enough so that you are actually there when revealing scenes take place in their lives." Saturation reporting differs from "in-depth" and "investigative" reporting, which involve the direct interviewing of numerous sources and/or the extensive analyzing of external documents relating to the story. Saturation reporting, according to communication professor Richard Kallan, "entails
24123-425: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 38% in Greenwich Village and SoHo, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Greenwich Village and SoHo are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . Throughout the 1930s, many Italian-Americans starting leaving Little Italy and moved on
24310-610: The plot of Red Alert was situated as a film-within-a-film made by an alien intelligence. Southern's work on the project was brief but intense; he officially worked on the script from November 16 to December 28, 1962. Southern began to rely on the amphetamine - barbiturate "diet pill" Dexamyl to keep him going through the frantic rewriting process; in later years, he developed a long-term amphetamine dependency. His amphetamine abuse, combined with his heavy intake of alcohol and other drugs, contributed significantly to health problems in later life. The major change Southern and Kubrick made
24497-447: The political right. In 2004, Wolfe noted his support for political correctness , which he described as "a good effect because it is now bad manners to use racial epithets." However, in 2017, he attacked political correctness, mocking it as perpetual outrage. In 2016, Wolfe described Donald Trump as a "lovable megalomaniac...The childishness makes him seem honest." Wolfe later compared Trump to literary character Jay Gatsby . Wolfe
24684-425: The population. Greenwich Village is home to a significant concentration of same-sex couples. The entirety of Community District 2, which comprises Greenwich Village and SoHo, had 91,638 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults:
24871-528: The project because he disagreed with the change to the story's ending. In August 1964, the Southerns moved to Los Angeles, where Terry began work on the screenplay of The Loved One , for which MGM / Filmways paid him $ 3,000 per month. Southern's work and his networking and socializing brought him into contact with many Hollywood stars, including Ben Gazzara , Jennifer Jones , Janice Rule , George Segal , Richard Benjamin , James Coburn , Peter Fonda , and Dennis Hopper and his wife Brooke Hayward . Hopper,
25058-557: The publication of Flash and Filigree , which was well-reviewed in the UK but coolly received in the U.S. The first major magazine interview with Southern, conducted by Elaine Dundy , was published in UK Harper's Bazaar in August 1958. In October, Olympia published Candy under the pseudonym Maxwell Kenton, and it immediately was banned by the Paris vice squad. The Magic Christian , Southern's first solo novel, satirically explores
25245-483: The re-published version of Candy was the turning point in Southern's career, making him one of the most celebrated writers of his day. In the words of biographer Lee Hill , Southern spent the next six years in "an Olympian realm of glamour, money, constant motion and excitement", mixing and working with international literary, film, music, and TV stars. His work on Dr. Strangelove opened the doors to lucrative work as
25432-618: The reason he was hired by the Post was his lack of interest in politics. The Post's city editor was "amazed that Wolfe preferred cityside to Capitol Hill , the beat every reporter wanted." He won an award from The Newspaper Guild for foreign reporting in Cuba in 1961 and also won the Guild's award for humor. While there, Wolfe experimented with fiction-writing techniques in feature stories. In 1962, Wolfe left Washington D.C. for New York City, taking
25619-516: The role of the Black Queen. In December 1967 the film version of Candy began shooting in Rome with director Christian Marquand . It starred newcomer Ewa Aulin in the title role and like Casino Royale it featured a host of stars in cameo roles, including Richard Burton , Marlon Brando , John Astin , Ringo Starr, Walter Matthau , and Anita Pallenberg . The original screenplay by Southern
25806-534: The scene was shot, Pickens spoke the scripted line ("Dallas"), but the word " Vegas" was overdubbed during post-production because the film was released not long after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas in November 1963. According to Miller, Peter Sellers quietly paid Southern tens of thousands of dollars to create some of the best-known comedy bits for Sellers' character Inspector Clouseau in
25993-500: The screenplay for a never-completed comic film about the bumbling Watergate burglars, Southern told him that the best example of his writing in Dr. Strangelove was the scene in which B-52 pilot T.J. "King" Kong, played by Slim Pickens , reads off a list of the contents of a survival kit to his crew, concluding that a man could have "a pretty nice weekend in Vegas" with some of the items. When
26180-569: The screenplay of Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964). The film was based on the Cold War thriller Red Alert (1958) by Peter George , the rights to which Kubrick had secured for $ 3,000. Kubrick and George's original screenplay (which was to be called Edge of Doom ) was a straight political thriller. They then reworked it into a satirical format (provisionally titled The Delicate Balance of Terror ) in which
26367-431: The screenplay, including Paddy Chayefsky , George Good , and Ring Lardner Jr. Original director Sam Peckinpah was fired one week into shooting, allegedly because he shot unauthorized nude scenes. (He did not make another film until 1969's The Wild Bunch .) He was replaced by Norman Jewison , and during his work on this production, Southern formed a close and enduring friendship with cast member Rip Torn . By 1966,
26554-402: The screenplay, including Southern (who wrote most of the dialogue for Sellers), Woody Allen , Wolf Mankowitz , Michael Sayers , Frank Buxton , Joseph Heller , Ben Hecht , Mickey Rose , and Billy Wilder . Southern had been introduced to Robert Fraser by Dennis Hopper, and when he went to London to work on Casino Royale he and Gail became part of Fraser's " jet-set " salon that included
26741-504: The script for 10 months, whereas Southern was only "briefly employed (November 16–December 28, 1962) to do some additional writing." Toward the end of his work on Dr. Strangelove , Southern began canvassing for more film work. Jobs he considered included a proposed John Schlesinger screen adaptation of the Iris Murdoch novel A Severed Head , and a project called The Marriage Game , to be directed by Peter Yates and produced by
26928-401: The sequence where Candy goes to the hospital to see Dr. Krankheit. The pair began alternately creating chapters, working together regularly on visits to Tourrettes-sur-Loup over the spring and summer of 1957. The book was introduced to publisher Maurice Girodias , probably by Marilyn Meeske (later Marilyn Meeske Sorel) who, according to Southern, thought Girodias would be interested in it as
27115-405: The site of St. Ann's Church at 120 East Twelfth Street. Amidst protests of the demolition of the church, the university decided to maintain and restore the facade and steeple of the building, parts of which were deteriorating or missing, and it now stands freely directly in front of the 12th Street entrance of the building. Further controversy also arose over the height of the building, as well as how
27302-552: The site of which is adjacent to the Judson Memorial Church , community groups sued the university, claiming the construction of a 13-story tower on the site would "loom behind the campanile of [the church]" and "mar the historic silhouette of Greenwich Village as viewed from Washington Square Park". Despite a justice in State Supreme Court dismissing the case, the university agreed to a settlement with
27489-551: The size and height of allowable new development in the neighborhood, and to encourage the preservation of existing buildings. The following were proposed by the GVSHP and passed by the City Planning Commission : New York University and Greenwich Village preservationists have frequently become embroiled in conflicts between the university's campus expansion efforts and the preservation of the scale and character of
27676-546: The state level by New York Governor Kathy Hochul , in honor of the Greenwich Village plaintiffs who prevailed at the United States Supreme Court in 2013, in finding the Defense of Marriage Act , which had limited the definition of marriage as being valid strictly between one man and one woman, to be unconstitutional . Since the end of the 20th century, many artists and local historians have mourned
27863-458: The subheading "Greenwich Village") that the southern border of the Village is Spring Street , reflecting an earlier understanding. Today, Spring Street overlaps with the modern, newer SoHo neighborhood designation, while the modern Encyclopædia Britannica cites the southern border as Houston Street. As Greenwich Village was once a rural, isolated hamlet to the north of the 17th century European settlement on Manhattan Island , its street layout
28050-413: The summer, in the style of Southern gentlemen . He found that the suit he had bought was too heavy for summer use, so he wore it in winter, which created a sensation. At the time, white suits were supposed to be reserved for summer wear. Wolfe maintained this as a trademark. He sometimes accompanied it with a white tie, white homburg hat , and two-tone spectator shoes . Wolfe said that the outfit disarmed
28237-782: The tenth anniversary of their advent, Wolfe wrote that "the universe of blogs is a universe of rumors" and that "blogs are an advance guard to the rear." He also took the opportunity to criticize Misplaced Pages, saying that "only a primitive would believe a word of" it. He noted a story about him in his Misplaced Pages bio article at the time which he said had never happened. Wolfe's views and choice of subject material, such as mocking left-wing intellectuals in Radical Chic , glorifying astronauts in The Right Stuff , and critiquing Noam Chomsky in The Kingdom of Speech sometimes resulted in his being labeled conservative . Wolfe has been labeled
28424-501: The things I have mocked." Wolfe opposed the American two-party system . Wolfe supported George W. Bush as a political candidate and said he voted for him for president in 2004 because of what he called Bush's "great decisiveness and willingness to fight". Bush reciprocated the admiration, and is said to have read all of Wolfe's books, according to friends in 2005. Wolfe supported the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan , but opposed
28611-414: The title character is a student of neuroscience. Wolfe describes the characters' thought and emotional processes, such as fear, humiliation and lust, in the clinical terminology of brain chemistry. Wolfe also frequently gives detailed descriptions of various aspects of his characters' anatomies. Wolfe adopted wearing a white suit as a trademark in 1962. He bought his first white suit, planning to wear it in
28798-535: The two were no longer considered separate. Greenwich Village historically was known as an important landmark on the map of American bohemian culture in the early and mid-20th century. The neighborhood was known for its colorful, artistic residents and the alternative culture they propagated. Due in part to the progressive attitudes of many of its residents, the Village was a focal point of new movements and ideas, whether political, artistic, or cultural. This tradition as an enclave of avant-garde and alternative culture
28985-457: The university would integrate the church's facade into the building's uses; however, in 2006, NYU began construction and the new dorm was completed in December 2008. In recent years, the most conflict has arisen over the proposed NYU 2031 plan, which the university released in 2010 as its plan for long-term growth, both within and outside of Greenwich Village. This included a court battle over
29172-458: The use of status symbols, Wolfe has said, "I think every living moment of a human being's life, unless the person is starving or in immediate danger of death in some other way, is controlled by a concern for status." Wolfe also championed what he called "saturation reporting," a reportorial approach in which the journalist "shadows" and observes the subject over an extended period of time. "To pull it off," says Wolfe, "you casually have to stay with
29359-405: The usual grid pattern when they enter the neighborhood. For example, West 4th Street runs east–west across most of Manhattan, but runs north–south in Greenwich Village, causing it to intersect with West 10th, 11th, and 12th Streets before ending at West 13th Street. A large section of Greenwich Village, made up of more than 50 northern and western blocks in the area up to 14th Street, is part of
29546-506: The very literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. Because of the success of Wolfe's first novel, there was widespread interest in his second. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; A Man in Full was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in Time , Newsweek , The Wall Street Journal , and elsewhere. An initial printing of 1.2 million copies
29733-453: The views of Alfred Russel Wallace and Chomsky on the language organ as not being a product of natural selection to suggest that speech is an invention that is responsible for establishing our humanity. Some critics claimed that Wolfe's view on how humans developed speech were not supported by research and were opinionated. In 1977, PBS produced Tom Wolfe's Los Angeles , a fictional, satirical TV movie set in Los Angeles. Wolfe appears in
29920-407: The whole of a culture, including those elements considered profane. Wolfe's undergraduate thesis, entitled "A Zoo Full of Zebras: Anti-Intellectualism in America," evinced his fondness for words and aspirations toward cultural criticism. Wolfe graduated cum laude in 1951. While still in college, Wolfe continued playing baseball as a pitcher and began to play semi-professionally. In 1952, he earned
30107-425: The winter of 1966–67 he also began work on the screenplay for Roger Vadim 's Barbarella , and he contributed to a TV version of The Desperate Hours directed by Ted Kotcheff and starring George Segal and Yvette Mimieux . The June 1, 1967, release of Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band gave Southern pop-culture immortality, thanks to his photograph being included (on the recommendation of Ringo Starr ) on
30294-557: Was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party . "Mau-Mauing The Flak Catchers" was about the practice by some African Americans of using racial intimidation ("mau-mauing") to extract funds from government welfare bureaucrats ("flak catchers"). Wolfe's phrase, " radical chic ", soon became a popular derogatory term for critics to apply to upper-class leftism . His Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine (1977) included Wolfe's noted essay, The "Me" Decade and
30481-411: Was a frequent visitor to Southern's Chateau Marmont suite, and he hired Southern to work on several subsequent Filmways projects, including The Cincinnati Kid and Don't Make Waves . Soon after the principal shooting on The Loved One was concluded, Southern began work on the script of The Cincinnati Kid , which starred Steve McQueen . He was one of several writers who had worked on versions of
30668-603: Was a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity. He majored in English, was sports editor of the college newspaper, and helped found a literary magazine, Shenandoah, giving him opportunities to practice his writing both inside and outside the classroom. Of particular influence was his professor Marshall Fishwick , a teacher of American studies educated at UVA and Yale . More in the tradition of anthropology than literary scholarship, Fishwick taught his students to look at
30855-420: Was accidentally detonated, killing three of their members ( Ted Gold , Terry Robbins , and Diana Oughton ). The Village has been a center for movements that challenged the wider American culture, most notably its seminal role in sparking the gay liberation movement. The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent protests by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in
31042-494: Was almost entirely supported by his wife Pud, but their relationship fell apart within a year of their arrival in New York and they were divorced in mid-1954. During 1954 and 1955. Southern met two of his literary heroes, William Faulkner and Nelson Algren . Southern interviewed Algren for the Paris Review in the autumn of 1955. They kept in touch after the interview, and Algren became another of Southern's early friends and champions. Southern's fortunes began to change after he
31229-566: Was an atheist but said that "I hate people who go around saying they're atheists". Of his religious upbringing, Wolfe observed that he "was raised as a Presbyterian ". He sometimes referred to himself as a "lapsed Presbyterian." Wolfe was a defender of Catholic schools . Wolfe was also critical of the sexual revolution , describing it as a "sexual carnival." He expressed sympathy towards Puritanical-Christian views on sexuality. Wolfe lived in New York City with his wife Sheila, who designed covers for Harper's Magazine . They had two children:
31416-442: Was an American author and journalist widely known for his association with New Journalism , a style of news writing and journalism developed in the 1960s and 1970s that incorporated literary techniques. Much of Wolfe's work is satirical and centres on the counterculture of the 1960s and issues related to class , social status , and the lifestyles of the economic and intellectual elites of New York City . Wolfe began his career as
31603-463: Was announced and the book stayed at number one on The New York Times ' bestseller list for ten weeks. Noted author John Updike wrote a critical review for The New Yorker , complaining that the novel "amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form." His comments sparked an intense war of words in the print and broadcast media among Wolfe and Updike, and authors John Irving and Norman Mailer , who also entered
31790-538: Was born on March 2, 1930, in Richmond, Virginia , the son of Helen Perkins Hughes Wolfe, a garden designer, and Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Sr. (1893–1972), an agronomist and editor of The Southern Planter . He grew up on Gloucester Road in the Richmond North Side neighborhood of Sherwood Park . He recounted childhood memories in a foreword to a book about the nearby historic Ginter Park neighborhood. He
31977-458: Was criticised by Norman Mailer , John Updike and John Irving , after they were asked if they believed that his books were deserving of their critical acclaim. Mailer compared reading a Wolfe novel to having sex with a 300 lb woman, saying, "Once she gets to the top it's all over. Fall in love or be asphyxiated." Updike was more literary in his reservedness: He claimed that A Man in Full "amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in
32164-470: Was established during the 19th century and continued into the 20th century, when small presses, art galleries, and experimental theater thrived. In 1969, enraged members of the gay community, in search for equality, started the Stonewall riots . The Stonewall Inn was later recognized as a National Historic Landmark for having been the location where the gay rights movement originated. On June 27, 2019,
32351-785: Was followed by a gentrification process in the 1980s. There are numerous historic buildings in the neighborhood including Emma Lazarus 's former residence on West 10th Street and Edward Hopper 's former studio (now the NYU Silver School of Social Work). The historic Washington Square Park is the center and heart of the neighborhood. Additionally, the Village has several other, smaller parks: Christopher, Father Fagan, Little Red Square, Minetta Triangle, Petrosino Square, and Time Landscape. There are also city playgrounds, including DeSalvio Playground , Minetta, Thompson Street , Bleecker Street, Downing Street, Mercer Street , Cpl. John A. Seravelli, and William Passannante Ballfield. One of
32538-686: Was founded in 1931, as an answer to the Museum of Modern Art , founded 1928, and its collection of mostly European modernism and its neglect of American Art . Gertrude Whitney decided to put the time and money into the museum after the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art turned down her offer to contribute her twenty-five-year collection of modern art works. In 1936, the renowned Abstract Expressionist artist and teacher Hans Hofmann moved his art school from East 57th Street to 52 West 9th Street. In 1938, Hofmann moved again to
32725-485: Was frightened by the quality of his work. Later that year he published an essay titled My Three Stooges about the critics. Wolfe's writing throughout his career showed an interest in social status competition. Much of Wolfe's later work addresses neuroscience . He notes his fascination in "Sorry, Your Soul Just Died", one of the essays in Hooking Up . This topic is also featured in I Am Charlotte Simmons , as
32912-811: Was introduced to leading beat writers including Jack Kerouac , Allen Ginsberg and Gregory Corso . He frequented renowned New York jazz venues such as the Five Spot , the San Remo, and the Village Vanguard . It was in this period that Southern read and became obsessed with the work of British writer Henry Green . Green's writing exerted a strong influence on Southern's early work, and Green became one of Southern's most ardent early supporters. Southern struggled to gain recognition during this period, writing short stories as he worked on Flash and Filigree , his first solo novel. Most of these stories were rejected by leading magazines and journals. Here, as in Paris, Southern
33099-550: Was leaving his longtime publisher, Farrar, Straus and Giroux . His fourth novel, Back to Blood , was published in October 2012 by Little, Brown and Company . According to The New York Times , Wolfe was paid close to US$ 7 million for the book. According to the publisher, Back to Blood is about "class, family, wealth, race, crime, sex, corruption and ambition in Miami, the city where America's future has arrived first." The book
33286-474: Was notorious for his unwillingness to share writing credits—and Peter George, who penned a complaint to Life magazine in response to a lavish photo essay on Southern published in the May 8, 1964 edition. Stung by the article's assertion that Southern was responsible for turning the formerly "serious script" into an "original irreverent satirical film", George pointed out that he and Kubrick had been working together on
33473-448: Was planning his film version. Sandy Lieberson optioned Southern's first novel Flash and Filigree and United Artists optioned Candy . Michael Cooper also introduced Southern to the Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange , and Southern later encouraged Stanley Kubrick to make his film version of the book after MGM refused to back Kubrick's planned film on Napoleon . Southern and Cooper then began to plan their own film adaptation of
33660-409: Was quickly followed by the publication of several other essays, including the Bay of Pigs -themed "Recruiting for the Big Parade", and one of his best Paris stories, "You're Too Hip, Baby". The fiction anthology Writers In Revolt was published in the spring, soon followed by the U.S. publication of Candy , which became the #2 American fiction best-seller of 1963. The success of Dr. Strangelove and
33847-411: Was released to mixed reviews. Back to Blood was an even bigger commercial failure than I Am Charlotte Simmons . Kurt Vonnegut said Wolfe is "the most exciting—or, at least, the most jangling—journalist to appear in some time," and "a genius who will do anything to get attention." Paul Fussell called Wolfe a splendid writer and stated "Reading him is exhilarating not because he makes us hopeful of
34034-456: Was renamed the Christopher Street–Stonewall station on the same day. The Tenth Street Studio Building was situated at 51 West 10th Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues . The building was commissioned by James Boorman Johnston and designed by Richard Morris Hunt . Its innovative design soon represented a national architectural prototype, and featured a domed central gallery, from which interconnected rooms radiated. Hunt's studio within
34221-409: Was rewritten by Buck Henry (who also has an uncredited cameo in the film). Like Casino Royale , it proved to be a chaotic production and failed to live up to expectations; it was generally panned by critics on its release in December 1968 and its impact was further weakened by the financial collapse of its major backer. Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018)
34408-456: Was student council president, editor of the school newspaper, and a star baseball player at St. Christopher's School , an Episcopal all-boys school in Richmond. In 1991, he wrote another touching remembrance of his childhood in Sherwood Park in a letter to a man who purchased the Wolfe home place. Upon graduation in 1947, he turned down admission to Princeton University to attend Washington and Lee University . At Washington and Lee, Wolfe
34595-611: Was taken on by the Curtis-Brown Agency in mid-1954; through them he had three of his short stories accepted by Harper's Magazine . It published "The Sun and the Still-born Stars" and "The Panthers" in the same edition in late 1955, and "The Night Bird Blew for Doctor Warner" was featured in the January 1956 edition. In October 1955, Southern met model, aspiring actress, and editor Carol Kauffman. They were married on July 14, 1956. Southern returned to Europe with Kauffman in October 1956, stopping off in Paris and then settling in Geneva, Switzerland, where they lived until 1959. Kauffman took
34782-422: Was the first short story published in the Paris Review in its founding issue (1953); it was followed by "The Sun and the Still-born Stars" in issue #4. Southern became closely identified with the Paris Review and its founders, Peter Matthiessen , Harold L. "Doc" Humes , and George Plimpton , and he formed a lifelong friendship with Plimpton. He met French model Pud Gadiot in 1952; a romance soon blossomed and
34969-621: Was to recast the script as a black comedy , jettisoning the "film within a film" structure. Kubrick, George, and Southern shared the screenplay credits, but competing claims about who contributed what led to confusion and some conflict among the three men after the film's release. The credit question was confused by Sellers' numerous ad libbed contributions—he often improvised wildly on set, so Kubrick made sure that Sellers had as much camera 'coverage' as possible during his scenes in order to capture these spontaneous inspirations. According to Art Miller, an independent producer who hired Southern to write
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