A triband is a type of flag which consists of three stripes arranged to form a flag . These stripes may be two or three colours, and may have an emblem in the middle stripe. All tricolour flags are tribands, but not all tribands are tricolour flags, which requires three unique colours.
107-401: Outside of the name, which requires three bands of colour, there are no other requirements for what a triband must look like, so there are many flags that look very different from each other but are all considered tribands. Some triband flags (e.g. those of Armenia and Ghana ) have their stripes positioned horizontally, while others (e.g. that of Italy ) position the stripes vertically. Often
214-727: A German calque of Tricolore . It was a symbol of opposition against the German Kleinstaaterei and the desire for German Unification . It was at first illegal in the German Confederation , but was adopted as the national flag at the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848/9. The flag of Belgium was introduced in a similar context, in 1831, its colours taken from the flag used in the Brabant Revolution of 1789. The first national flag of
321-530: A comparable concept, even though they combine four, not three, colours. Also in the 20th century, Pan-Iranian colours for Iranian nationalism and Pan-Slavic colours for Slavic nationalism were adopted based on the triband design of the flags used during the 19th century by the Qajar dynasty and the Russian Empire , respectively. During the brief Second Spanish Republic , a red-yellow-purple tricolour
428-706: A green, white and red flag with a republican Roman eagle at the tip of the pole. This lasted for four months, while the Papal States of the Church was in abeyance. The Roman Republic resisted until 4 July 1849, when it was capitulated by the French Army. The troops from beyond the Alps, as a last act, entered the municipality of Rome where the last members of the republican assembly not yet captured were barricaded. Their secretary Quirico Filopanti surrendered wearing
535-625: A group of students of the University of Bologna , led by Luigi Zamboni and Giovanni Battista De Rolandis who attempted to plot a popular riot to topple the Catholic government of Bologna , a city which was part of the Papal States at the time. Zamboni and De Rolandis defined themselves as "patriots" and wore tricolour cockades to signal they were inspired by Jacobin revolutionary ideals, but modified them also to distinguish themselves from
642-571: A horizontal square with red uppermost and, at the heart of the white fess , an emblem composed of a garland of laurel decorated with a trophy of arms and four arrows, representing the four provinces that formed the Republic. In France, due to the Revolution, the flag went from having a "dynastic" and "military" meaning to a "national" one, and this concept, still unknown in Italy, was transmitted by
749-538: A now-defunct de facto independent republic in South Caucasus , adopted a flag derived from the flag of Armenia, with only a white pattern added. A white, five-toothed, stepped carpet pattern was added to the flag, beginning at the two verges of the cloth's right side and connecting at a point equal to one-third of the distance from that side. The white pattern symbolized the separation of Artsakh from Armenia proper and its aspiration for eventual union with
856-637: A rainbow. In April 1919, a proposal for the flag of Armenia was published in the Armenian diaspora journal Veradzenount [ fr ] , consisting of a horizontal bicolor with the top two-thirds blue, and the bottom third red, with a white cross in the center. On 2 February 1922, the Constitution of the Armenian SSR was signed into law, describing the republic's flag in Article 89 as
963-543: A red banner, with the gold letters "Հ.Խ.Ս.Հ." in the upper left corner. Official contemporaneous media which depict the flag, such as pins and certificates, often portray it with variations, including periods between the letters, and with a gold frame around the letters. Additionally, an 1923 book published by the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs depicts the lettering of the flag in Cyrillic script , instead of in
1070-404: A sovereign Italian state. With the succession of Napoleon's military victories and the consequent founding of republics favourable to revolutionary ideals, red, white and green were adopted on military banners as a symbol of social and political innovation in many Italian cities. On 19 June 1796, Bologna was occupied by Napoleon's troops. On 18 October 1796, together with the establishment of
1177-639: A tricolour scarf. The tricolour also flew over the barricades of the Ten Days of Brescia , a revolt of the citizens of the Lombard city against the Austrian Empire, and in many other centres such as Varese , Gallarate , Como , Melegnano , Cremona , Monza , Udine , Trento , Verona , Rovigo , Vicenza , Belluno and Padua . This spread throughout the Italian peninsula and demonstrated that
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#17327648824391284-560: A uniform consisting of a blue and green shirt, white trousers, red handguards, a red and green collar, a red leather belt and a cap with an Italian tricolour cockade pinned. Italian tricolours waved, challenging the authorities, who had decreed the ban, also on the occasion of the commemoration of the revolt of the Genoese quarter of Portoria against the Habsburg occupiers during the War of
1391-807: A visual opposition to complicated royal banners of the Ancien Regime . With the formation of French client republics after 1795, the revolutionary tricolour was exported and adopted more widely in Europe, by the Republic of Alba 1796 (red-blue-yellow), the Cisalpine Republic 1797 ( Transpadane Republic , green-white-red), the Cisrhenian Republic 1797 (green-white-red), the Anconine Republic 1797 (blue-yellow-red),
1498-507: A white sheet was hoisted on the flagpole of the ship that brought Giuseppe Garibaldi back to Italy from South America shortly after the outbreak of the First Italian War of Independence. The patriots who had gathered at the port of Genoa to welcome her return gave Anita Garibaldi , in front of 3,000 people, a tricolour to be given to Giuseppe Garibaldi so that he could plant it on Lombard soil. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany in
1605-422: Is a black cloth without any additional elements on it. In 885, Armenia gained independence and the flag, which is a dark red canvas with the image of a white leopard and a Christian cross on it. Now the "Ani leopard" from this flag is also an element of the flag and coat of arms of the second largest city and cultural capital of Armenia - Gyumri . Unlike the flags of Greater Armenia , the flag of Armenian Kingdom
1712-578: Is a flag featuring three equally sized vertical pales of green, white and red, with the green at the hoist side, as defined by Article 12 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic . The Italian law regulates its use and display, protecting its defense and providing for the crime of insulting it ; it also prescribes its teaching in Italian schools together with other national symbols of Italy . The Italian Flag Day named Tricolour Day
1819-587: Is kept at the Museum of the Risorgimento and Mazzinian institute in Genoa . From 1833 to 1834, the symbolism of the tricolour spread more and more along the Italian peninsula, starting from northern and central Italy. Mazzini, regarding the reason why the Italian patriots had participated in the uprisings of 1830–1831, said: Ask those who ran from one point to another to bring together the various districts, to
1926-555: Is marked on 15 June every year. The day is chosen for the reason that the Armenian law on the National Flag of Armenia was passed on 15 June 2006. The day of the Armenian tricolour was celebrated for the first time on 15 June 2010 in Yerevan . The daily display of the Armenian flag is encouraged, but legally required only on the following days: The national flag is also mentioned in the song " Mer Hayrenik " (Our Fatherland),
2033-652: Is symbolic of the renewal perpetrated by the origins of Jacobinism . Shortly after the French revolutionary events , the ideals of social innovation began to spread widely on the basis of the advocacy of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, including in Italy, and subsequently political innovation with the first patriotic ferments addressed to the national self-determination that later led to
2140-637: The Armenian alphabet used in the constitution's description. The flag would continue to be used by the Armenian SSR even after its integration into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in 1922. The new constitution of the Armenian SSR under the Transcaucasian SFSR, approved on 4 March 1927, described the flag almost exactly the same as the 1922 constitution. In 1936,
2247-593: The Constitution of the USSR was rewritten, splitting the Transcaucasian SFSR into its constituent republics. Soon after in 1937, the constitution of the Armenian SSR was once again rewritten, adding a gold yellow hammer and sickle above the lettering. In 1940, a decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR ordered that the lettering on the flag be changed to "Հ.Ս.Ս.Ռ.", in order to reflect
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#17327648824392354-573: The Flag of Mars . The design symbolises liberty , and also the terraforming of Mars by humanity from a red planet to a green one, and eventually an Earth-like blue one. Flag of Armenia The national flag of Armenia ( Armenian : Հայաստանի դրոշ , romanized : Hayastani drosh ), also known as the Tricolour ( Armenian : Եռագույն , romanized : Yerraguyn ), consists of three horizontal bands of equal width, red on
2461-658: The French and Russian flags. The flags of France , Italy , Romania , Mexico , Ireland and Paraguay were all adopted with the formation of an independent republic in the period of the French Revolution to the Revolutions of 1848 , with the exception of the Irish tricolour, which dates from 1848 but was not popularised until the Easter Rising in 1916 and adopted in 1919. The first association of
2568-651: The Italian peninsula . The first territory to be conquered by Napoleon was Piedmont ; in the historical archive of the Piedmontese municipality of Cherasco is preserved a document attesting, on 13 May 1796, on the occasion of the Armistice of Cherasco between Napoleon and the Austro-Piedmontese troops, the first mention of the Italian tricolour, referring to municipal banners hoisted on three towers in
2675-647: The Italian unification on the Italian peninsula . For this reason, the French blue, white and red flag became the first reference of the Italian Jacobins and subsequently a source of inspiration for the creation of an Italian identity flag. On 12 July 1789, two days before the storming of the Bastille , the revolutionary journalist Camille Desmoulins , while hailing the Parisian crowd to revolt, asked
2782-606: The Kingdom of Italy 1861). The flag of Germany (black-red-gold) originates from the uniform colours of the Lützow Free Corps during the Napoleonic Wars , which contained volunteers from many German states and became famous through propaganda. Prominent veterans and later students became the core of the republican movement of early 1800s which adopted the colours. At the time the flag was known as Dreifarb ,
2889-732: The Lombard Legion , a military unit constituted by the General Administration of Lombardy , a government that was headed by the Transpadane Republic (1796–1797). On this document, with reference to its war flag , which followed the French tricolour and which was proposed to Napoleon by the Milanese patriots, it is reported that this military unit would have had a red, white and green banner, colours formerly used by Milanese National Guard as well as on
2996-564: The Milan Cathedral as thanks for the arrival of Napoleon, who was seen, at least initially, as a liberator. The tricolour cockades then became one of the official symbols of the Milanese National Guard, which was founded on 20 November 1796, and then spread elsewhere along the Italian peninsula . Later the green, white and red cockade spread to a greater extent, gradually becoming the only ornament used in Italy by
3103-533: The New World inspired by this symbolism was the flag of Mexico , adopted when the First Mexican Empire gained independence from Spain in 1821. After 1848, the young republican nation states continued to pick triband designs, but now more prevalently expressing the sentiment of nationalism or ethnic identity than anti-monarchism, the flag of Hungary (1848), the flag of Romania (1848),
3210-739: The Roman Republic 1798 (black-white-red), the Helvetic Republic 1798 (green-red-yellow; canton of Neuchatel 1848), the Parthenopean Republic 1799 (blue-yellow-red), and the Principality of Lucca and Piombino 1805 (blue-white-red). Thus providing the format for many of modern Europe's national flags, from the flag of Italy , to the flag of Germany , flag of Ireland , flag of Belgium , flag of Romania , flag of Bulgaria , flag of Moldova , and others around
3317-555: The Sicilian Revolution , adopted the Italian tricolour, defaced with the trinacria, or triskelion . The Republic of San Marco , proclaimed independent in 1848 by the Austrian Empire , also adopted the tricolour. The flags that they adopted marked the link to Italian independence and unification efforts. The former, the Italian tricolour undefaced, and the latter, charged with the winged lion of St. Mark, from
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3424-493: The Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia . Several alternate proposals for the flag were made by Armenians. On 31 July 1919, Armenian artist Martiros Saryan sent a letter to Kajaznuni after learning that the flag had not been finalized, in which he proposed three alternate designs, one tricolor and two rainbows. As he believed that the temporary flag represented a rainbow, and thought it was too similar to
3531-657: The Third Italian War of Independence , in 1870 after the capture of Rome , and in 1918 after World War I respectively); this period of Italian history is known as the Risorgimento . The Italian tricolour waved for the first time in the history of the Risorgimento on 11 March 1821 in the Cittadella of Alessandria , during the revolutions of the 1820s , after the oblivion caused by the restoration of
3638-554: The flag of Ireland (1848), the flag of Estonia (1880s), the flag of Lithuania (1905), and the flag of Armenia (1918). By contrast, the flag of Russia was adopted by the Tsardom of Russia in the late 17th century and while it may or may not have been inspired by the Dutch tricolour, it never had any republican implications. The political ideology of the unification of an ethnic nation state associated with tricolour flags since
3745-545: The flag of the Don All-Russian Army [ ru ] , he proposed that the flag be a six-colored horizontal rainbow . In the watercolor images contained in the letter, one of these rainbow flags was depicted with equally-spaced bars, and the other depicted with the primary colored bars twice as large as the secondary color bars. The final attached imaged is a tricolor of red, yellow, and blue from top to bottom, possibly arranged to match their order in
3852-406: The national anthem of Armenia. Specifically, the second and third stanzas sing about the creation of the national flag: Here is a flag for you my brother, That I have sewed Over the sleepless nights, And bathed in my tears. Look at it, tricoloured, A valuable symbol for us. Let it shine against the enemy. Let Armenia be glorious forever. On 2 June 1992, the Republic of Artsakh ,
3959-488: The proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy , of which the tricolour became the national flag. Following its adoption, the tricolour became one of the most recognisable and defining features of united Italian statehood in the following two centuries of the history of Italy . The Italian tricolour, like other tricolour flags , is inspired by the French one , introduced by the revolution in 1790 on French Navy warships, and
4066-637: The ... standard or flag of three colours, green, white, and red ...": [...] From the minutes of the XIV Session of the Cispadan Congress: Reggio Emilia, 7 January 1797, 11 am. Patriotic Hall . The participants are 100, deputies of the populations of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Emilia. Giuseppe Compagnoni also motioned that the standard or Cispadan Flag of three colours, Green, White and Red, should be rendered Universal and that these three colours should also be used in
4173-659: The 19th century has resulted in the design of new "tricolours" expressing specific nationalisms in the 20th century, the Pan-African colours adopted in the 1920s for Pan-Africanism , chosen in numerous African flags during decolonisation (green-yellow-red, taken from the triband design used by the Solomonic dynasty for the Ethiopian Empire since 1897). The Pan-Arab colours adopted in Arab nationalism 1916 are
4280-401: The Armenian Supreme Soviet declared the republic's sovereignty and renamed the country the Republic of Armenia. At that point, just over a year before Armenia declared its formal independence from the USSR, the tricolour replaced the 1952 flag. The 2006 law on the National Flag of Armenia states that the flag has to be raised on the following public buildings: The law requires the lowering of
4387-409: The Austrian Succession . During this event, which took place on 10 December 1847 in Genoa at the square of the santuario della Nostra Signora di Loreto of the Genoese district of Oregina, Il Canto degli Italiani by Goffredo Mameli and Michele Novaro played for the first time in history; it would become the Italian national anthem from 1946. Il Canto degli Italiani , in a verse, quotes
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4494-420: The Austrians barricaded in the Castello Sforzesco and within the defensive systems of the city walls, the patriots Luigi Torelli and Scipione Bagaggia managed to climb on the roof of the Milan Cathedral and hoist the Italian flag on the highest spire of the church, the one on which the Madonnina stands. At the moment of the appearance of the tricolour on the spire of the Madonnina , the crowd below greeted
4601-407: The Cispadan Cockade, which should be worn by everyone. It is decreed. [...] For having proposed the green, white and red tricolour flag, Giuseppe Compagnoni is considered the "father of the Italian flag". The congress decision to adopt a green, white and red tricolour flag was then greeted by a jubilant atmosphere, such was the enthusiasm of the delegates, and by a peal of applause. The adoption of
4708-418: The French and Russian flags, which in turn further inspired many tricolour flags in other countries. Though not the first tricolour flag, one of the most famous, known as Le Tricolore , is the blue, white and red (whence also called Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge ) flag of France adopted in 1790 during the French Revolution . Based on a 1789 design of the Cockade of France , it was easy to construct and also stood in
4815-405: The French cockade. The red, white and green cockade appeared, after the events of Bologna, during Napoleon 's entry into Milan , which took place on 15 May 1796. These cockades, having the typical circular shape, possessed red on the outside, green on an intermediate position, and white on the centre. These ornaments were worn by the rioters even during the religious ceremonies officiated inside
4922-433: The French to the Italians. The Cispadane Republic and the Transpadane Republic merged in 1797 into the Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802) and adopted the vertical square tricolour without badge in 1798. Originally the colours of the flag of the Cisalpine Republic were arranged horizontally, with green at the top, but on 11 May 1798, the Grand Council of the newborn State chose, as the national banner, an Italian tricolour with
5029-407: The Italian Legion (the military banner of this military unit was composed of a red, white and green tricolour, probably inspired by the similar decision of the Lombard Legion), the wire Napoleonic congregation of magistrates, and deputies of Bologna, decided to create a civic banner of red, white and green, this time released from military use. Following the adoption by the Bolognese congregation,
5136-407: The Italian flag became a political symbol of the struggle for the independence of Italy from foreign powers, supported by its use also in the civil sphere. The first red, white and green national flag of a sovereign Italian state was adopted on 7 January 1797, when the Fourteenth Parliament of the Cispadane Republic (1797), on the proposal of deputy Giuseppe Compagnoni , decreed "to make universal
5243-401: The Italian flag by a sovereign Italian state, the Cispadane Republic, was inspired by this Bolognese banner, linked to a municipal reality and therefore still having a purely local scope, and to the previous military banners of the Lombard Legion and Italian Legion. In particular, the Italian Legion was formed by soldiers coming from Emilia and Romagna . The flag of the Cispadane Republic was
5350-420: The Italian flag: [...] Let one flag, one hope, gather us all. The hour has struck for us to unite. [...] These verses, which can be read in the second verse, recall the hope that Italy, still divided into the pre-unification states , would be united in a single nation, gathering under a single flag. Starting from this period the strawberry tree plant began to be considered a national symbol of Italy due to
5457-441: The Italian flags that participated in the Crimean War is kept in the Royal Armoury of Turin . In 1857, an Italian flag with the pole surmounted by a Phrygian cap and with an archipendulum , a symbol of social balance, was a symbol of the Sapri expedition, or rather the failed attempt to trigger a revolt in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies perpetrated by Carlo Pisacane . In order not to be captured, Pisacane committed suicide, and
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#17327648824395564-425: The Kingdom of Cilicia fell to the Ottoman Empire . After Armenia was split between the Persian and the Ottoman Empire , the idea of an Armenian flag ceased to exist for some time. The Armenian Catholic priest Father Ghevont Alishan created a new flag for Armenia in 1885, after the Armenian Students Association of Paris requested one for the funeral of the French writer Victor Hugo . Alishan's first design
5671-458: The Milanese uprisings. The following day King Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia assured the provisional government of Milan that his troops, ready to come to his aid by starting the First Italian War of Independence , would use a tricolour defaced with the Savoyan coat of arms superimposed on the white as a war flag. In his proclamation to the Lombard–Venetian people, Charles Albert said: "In order to show more clearly with exterior signs
5778-401: The Republic's claimed Fatherland. This symbolized the Armenian heritage, culture and population of the area and represents Artsakh as being a separated region of Armenia by the triangular shape and the zigzag cutting through the flag. The pattern was also similar to the designs used on rugs. The ratio of the flag's breadth to its length is 1:2, same as the Armenian tricolour. In addition to
5885-405: The absolutist monarchical regimes. The green, white and red flag reappeared during the revolutions of 1830 , mainly due to Ciro Menotti , the patriot who started the rebellion in Italy. Menotti, in particular, argued that the best form of state for a united Italy was the monarchy with a sovereign chosen by a national congress. The main points of this idea were Rome as the capital of Italy and
5992-420: The act of granting the constitution (17 February 1848) did not change the national banner ("The State retains its flag and its colours") but later granted the Tuscan militias, by decree, the use of a tricolour scarf next to the symbols of the Grand Duchy (25 March 1848). The Grand Duke, following the pressure of the Tuscan patriots, then adopted the tricolour flag also as a state banner and as a military banner for
6099-438: The assembly, in which he discussed the flag of the republic and proposed a horizontal tricolor of red, blue, and orange. While no meaning was given to these colors by Malkhasyants, several parliament members believed that the red represented the blood of the Armenian people , the blue represented the sky of Armenia and the orange represented the talent and work of the Armenian people. The proposed flag sparked significant debate in
6206-421: The cockades. In a ceremony at the Piazza del Duomo on 16 November 1796, a military flag was presented to the Lombard Legion. The Lombard Legion was therefore the first Italian military department to equip itself, as a banner, with a tricolour flag. The first official approval of the Italian flag by the authorities was therefore as a military insignia of the Lombard Legion and not yet as the national flag of
6313-591: The colors to be used for the flag were red, blue, and yellow. In June 1919, the parliament of Armenia reaffirmed that the previously adopted flag was the flag of a United Armenia , but would only be finalized at the constituent assembly. Despite not being official, the Republic of Armenia used it in official documents, such as an April 1920 bank check issued in the United States. The constituent assembly would never take place, as on 29 November 1920, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic troops and Armenian Bolsheviks occupied Armenia's capital Yerevan , and proclaimed
6420-407: The colours arranged vertically. At the formal celebration of the birth in the new republic, which took place on 9 July in Milan, 300,000 people took part, including ordinary citizens, French soldiers and representatives of the major municipalities of the republic. The event was characterised by a riot of tricolour flags and cockades. On this occasion, Napoleon solemnly gave to the military units of
6527-474: The commitment to Italian unification, we want that Our troops ... have the Savoy shield placed on the Italian tricolour flag. As the arms, blazoned gules a cross argent , mixed with the white of the flag, it was fimbriated azure , blue being the dynastic colour, although this does not conform to the heraldic rule of tincture . The rectangular civil and state variants were adopted in 1851. A makeshift tricolour consisting of redshirts , green displays and
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#17327648824396634-410: The declaration of the First Republic of Armenia , the Armenian National Council convened the first session of the National Assembly of Armenia . Several reports indicate that an unknown tricolor flag was flown at the assembly, which was possibly the tricolor that would be approved during the assembly. According to Simon Vratsian , Stepan Malkhasyants presented a now-lost report on the first day of
6741-429: The defeat of the Piedmont-Sardinian Army of Charles Albert; after this, the ancient flags were restored. Only the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia confirmed the Italian tricolour as the national flag of the state even after the First Italian War of Independence ended. After the defeat in the First Italian War of Independence in 1849, Charles Albert abdicated in favour of his son Victor Emmanuel II . On 14 April 1855, before
6848-567: The departure for the Crimean War , the Italian tricolour flags were solemnly entrusted to the soldiers of the Sardinian Expeditionary Corps in the Crimean War by King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia with the following farewell sentence: Soldiers! Here are your flags. Generously explained by the magnanimous Charles Albert, they remind you of the distant homeland and eight centuries of noble traditions. Know how to defend them; bring them back crowned with new glory and your sacrifices will be blessed by present and future generations. One of
6955-401: The event with a series of enthusiastic "Hurray!" This historic flag is kept inside the Museum of the Risorgimento in Milan . The patriot Luciano Manara then managed to hoist the tricolour, amidst the Austrian artillery shots, on the top of Porta Tosa . The abandonment of the city by the Austrian troops of field marshal Josef Radetzky , on 22 March, determined the immediate establishment of
7062-556: The facts of French Revolution, especially on the replacement of green with blue, reporting that the French tricolour was green, white and red. When the correct information on the chromatic composition of the French tricolour arrived in Italy, the Italian Jacobins decided to keep green instead of blue, because it represented nature and therefore metaphorically, also natural rights , or social equality and freedom , both principles dear to them. The red, white and green cockade then reappeared several years later on 13–14 November 1794 worn by
7169-408: The first Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814), or Italico , under his direct rule. The flag of the Kingdom of Italy was that of the Republic in rectangular form, charged with the golden Napoleonic eagle. This remained in use until the fall of Napoleon in 1814. With the fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the absolutist monarchical regimes , the Italian tricolour went underground, becoming
7276-421: The first time in Genoa on a tricolour cockade on 21 August 1789, anticipating by seven years the first green, white and red Italian military war flag , which was adopted by the Lombard Legion in Milan on 11 October 1796. After 7 January 1797, popular support for the Italian flag grew steadily, until it became one of the most important symbols of Italian unification , which culminated on 17 March 1861 with
7383-416: The flag are all different colours, rather than two being the same colour. Examples of tricolour flags include those of the Netherlands and France . A tricolour ( BE ) or tricolor ( AE ) is a type of triband design which originated in the 16th century as a symbol of republicanism , liberty , or revolution . The oldest tricolour flag originates from the Netherlands , whose successor later inspired
7490-594: The flag of Artsakh, the Armenian flag colors influenced the design of the Pan-Armenian Games flag. In the center of the light blue flag are six interlocking rings, derived from the Olympic rings . The sixth, orange-colored ring, interlocks with the blue and red rings, which symbolize Armenia. Above the rings is a flame in the colors of the Armenian flag. Flag of Italy The flag of Italy ( Italian : bandiera d'Italia , Italian: [banˈdjɛːra diˈtaːlja] ), often referred to as The Tricolour ( il Tricolore , Italian: [il trikoˈloːre] ),
7597-405: The flag of the Republic of Venice ( maritime republic which existed from 697 AD until 1797 AD), on a white canton . A chronicler of the time described the final moments of the subsequent capitulation of the Republic of San Marco by the Austrian troops, which took place on 22 August 1849: The tricolour flags waved above every work, in every danger, and because the enemy balls not only tore up
7704-412: The flag that flew between those riots. That flag was the Italian flag; those first voices were voices of Fatherland and brotherhood. The Italian flag also spread among political exiles, becoming the symbol of the struggle for independence and the claim to have more liberal constitutions. In 1834 the tricolour was adopted by the rioters who tried to invade Savoy , while the tricolour flag of Young Italy
7811-412: The flag to the midpoint of the flagpole on the days of mourning or during mourning ceremonies. A black ribbon needs to be placed at the top of the flag; the length of the ribbon should be equal to the length of the flag. The flying flag has to be raised in its entirety, clean, and unfaded; moreover, the lower part of the flag should be at least 2.5 m off the ground. The day of the National Flag of Armenia
7918-461: The flag was to be a horizontal tricolor of red, blue, and orange, with a height to width ratio of 2:3. The design was seemingly temporary, and was to be approved by the constituent assembly , which was to be formed when the Republic of Armenia united with Turkish Armenia . Sourcing orange cloth for the flag continued to be difficult; on 19 September 1918, minister of internal affairs Aram Manukian sent an instruction to government institutions that
8025-547: The flag's colors is officially given in the 2006 law on the National Flag of Armenia: The red emblematizes the Armenian Highland , the Armenian people 's continued struggle for survival, maintenance of the Christian faith , Armenia's independence and freedom. The blue emblematizes the will of the people of Armenia to live beneath peaceful skies. The orange emblematizes the creative talent and hard-working nature of
8132-690: The gods". During the invasion of the Arabs, despite stronger resistance than even the Persian, Armenia came under control Umayyad Caliphate , and on its territory the Armenian Emirate was created, stretching from modern Baku and Derbent in the east to the sources of the Euphrates in the west and from the Terek River in the north to Lake Urmia in the south. The emirate received a flag, which
8239-516: The green leaves, white flowers and red berries, which recall the colours of the Italian flag. The strawberry tree is the national tree of Italy . The Italian flag was a symbol of the revolutions of 1848 . In March 1848, the Five Days of Milan , an armed insurrection which led to the temporary liberation of the city from Austrian rule, were characterised by a profusion of flags and tricolour cockades. On 20 March, during furious fighting, with
8346-523: The historic centre. On the document the term "green" was subsequently crossed and replaced by "blue", the colour that forms – together with white and red – the French flag. With the start of the first campaign in Italy , in many places the Jacobins of the Italian peninsula rose up, contributing, together with the Italian soldiers framed in the Napoleonic army, to the French victories. This renewal
8453-592: The leader of the Communist Party of Armenia , Suren Harutyunyan [ hy ] , allowed the previously banned flag of the First Republic of Armenia to fly in Yerevan for the first time in over sixty years. A year later, he urged that the flag be officially recognized, after a mass demonstration by the Karabakh movement where the tricolour was flown. This came on 24 August 1990, a day after
8560-418: The new name of the Armenian SSR. In 1952, the flag was completely redesigned. The obverse of the new flag was composed of a red field, with a horizontal blue stripe running through the center, and a golden hammer and sickle below a star in the canton. The reverse of the flag simply contained the red field and blue stripe. In late May 1988, amid rising nationalist tensions due to glasnost and perestroika ,
8667-559: The newborn republic, after having reviewed them, their tricolour banners. The flag of the Cisalpine Republic was maintained until 1802, when it was renamed the Napoleonic Italian Republic (1802–1805), and a new flag was adopted, this time with a red field carrying a green square within a white lozenge ; the presidential standard of Italy in use since 14 October 2000 was inspired by this flag. It
8774-465: The parliament, in which several proposed flags historically used in Armenia were brought up. Many members argued that the orange should be replaced with green, as orange cloth was difficult to source in Armenia at the time. However, prime minister Hovhannes Kajaznuni believed the orange to be more aesthetically pleasing, and so kept the color. Later that day, a vote was held, in which it was decided that
8881-494: The people of Armenia. In 2012, the Armenian National Institute of Standards (SARM) issued specifications about the construction and colours on the national flag: Today's tricolour flag bears little resemblance to the earliest Armenian 'flags'. In ancient times, armies went into battle behind carvings mounted on poles. The carvings might represent a dragon, an eagle, a lion or "some mysterious object of
8988-595: The primitive French cockade , was immediately abandoned in favour of blue and red, the ancient colours of Paris , because it was also the colour of the king's brother, Count of Artois , who became monarch after the First Restoration with the name of Charles X of France . The French tricolour cockade was then completed on 17 July 1789 with the addition of white, the colour of the House of Bourbon , in deference to King Louis XVI of France, who still ruled despite
9095-541: The protesters what colour to adopt as a symbol of the French Revolution, proposing green, a symbol of hope or the blue of the American Revolution , a symbol of freedom and democracy . The protesters replied "The green! The green! We want green cockades!" Desmoulins then seized a green leaf from the ground and pointed it to the hat as a distinctive sign of the revolutionaries. The green, in
9202-437: The provisional government of Milan chaired by the podestà Gabrio Casati, who issued a proclamation that read: Let's get it over with once with any foreign domination in Italy. Embrace this tricolour flag that flies over the country for your valour and swear never to let it tear again. The process of transforming the flag of Italy into one of the Italian national symbols was completed, definitively consolidating itself, during
9309-505: The rioters. The patriots began to call it " Italian cockade " making it become one of the symbols of the country . The green, white and red tricolour thus acquired a strong patriotic value, becoming one of the symbols of national awareness, a change that gradually led it to enter the collective imagination of the Italians . The oldest documented mention of the Italian tricolour flag is linked to Napoleon Bonaparte's first descent into
9416-629: The silk, but broke the stick, it was immediately found who at great risk was going to replace another. The tricolour flag of 1848 that greeted the expulsion of the Austrians from Venice is kept in the Museum of the Risorgimento and the Venetian 19th century. In 1849, the Roman Republic , formed following the revolt against the Papal State that dethroned the Pope , adopted as its national banner
9523-460: The stripes on a triband are of equal length and width, though this is not always the case, as can be seen in the flags of Colombia and Canada . Symbols on tribands may be seals , such as on the Belizean flag , or any manner of emblems of significance to the area the flag represents, such as in the flags of Argentina , India and Lebanon . A triband is also a tricolour if the three stripes on
9630-409: The symbol of the patriotic ferments that began to spread in Italy and the symbol which united all the efforts of the Italian people towards freedom and independence. In the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia , a state dependent on the Austrian Empire born after the fall of Napoleon, those who exhibited the Italian tricolour were subject to the death penalty . The Austrians' objective was in fact, quoting
9737-416: The textual words of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria : [The tricolour was banned to] make people forget that they are Italian. Between 1820 and 1861, a sequence of events led to the independence and unification of Italy (except for Veneto and the province of Mantua , Lazio , Trentino-Alto Adige and Julian March , known as Italia irredenta , which were united with the rest of Italy in 1866 after
9844-569: The top, blue in the middle, and orange on the bottom. The Armenian Supreme Soviet adopted the current flag on 24 August 1990. On 15 June 2006, the Law on the National Flag of Armenia, governing its usage, was passed by the National Assembly of Armenia . Throughout history, there have been many variations of the Armenian flag. In ancient times, Armenian dynasties were represented by different symbolic animals displayed on their flags. In
9951-512: The tricolour flag as a national banner. On 5 February 1831, during the Forlì uprisings, the patriot Teresa Cattani wrapped herself in the tricolour flag during the assault on the building that was the seat of the Legation of Romagna , challenging the shots of the papal soldiers. In 1831, the tricolour was chosen by Giuseppe Mazzini as the emblem of Young Italy . An original flag of Young Italy
10058-426: The tricolour flag had by then assumed a consolidated symbolism valid throughout the national territory. The iconography of the Italian flag then began to spread not only in the vexillological and military fields, but also in some everyday objects such as scarves and clothing fabrics. This turning point lasted until the failure of revolutions and the end of the First Italian War of Independence (1849), which ended with
10165-719: The tricolour with republicanism is the orange-white-blue design of the Prince's Flag ( Prinsenvlag , predecessor of the flags of the Netherlands ), used from 1579 by William I of Orange-Nassau in the Eighty Years' War , establishing the independence of the Dutch Republic from the Spanish Empire . Its red-white-blue successor is the oldest tricolour flag still in use. The flag of the Netherlands inspired both
10272-747: The troops sent to help Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia. Similar measures were adopted by the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza and by the Duchy of Modena and Reggio . The flag of the Constitutional Kingdom of the Two Sicilies , a white field charged with the coats of arms of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Two Sicilies, and Granada, was modified by Ferdinand II through the addition of a red and green border. This flag lasted from 3 April 1848 until 19 May 1849. The Provisional Government of Sicily, which lasted from 12 January 1848 to 15 May 1849 during
10379-504: The twentieth century, various Soviet flags represented the Armenian SSR . The meanings of the colours are interpreted in many different ways. The red stands for the Armenian highlands , the Armenian people's continued struggle for survival , maintenance of the Christian faith and Armenia's independence and freedom, blue is for the Armenian peaceful skies, and orange represents the nation's talent and hard-work. The symbolism of
10486-404: The vertical green, white and red flag, with green at the top; this lasted until 1801. In 1805, Napoleon installed his sister, Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi, as Princess of Lucca and Piombino . This affair is commemorated in the opening of Leo Tolstoy 's War and Peace . In the same year, after Napoleon had crowned himself as the first French Emperor , the Italian Republic was transformed into
10593-419: The violent revolts that raged in the country; the French monarchy was abolished on 10 August 1792 . The first documented use of Italian national colours is dated 21 August 1789. In the historical archives of the Republic of Genoa it is reported that eyewitnesses had seen some demonstrators hanging a red, white and green cockade on their clothes. The Italian gazettes of the time had created confusion about
10700-423: The world such as the flag of India , flag of Cameroon , flag of Chad , flag of Ivory Coast , flag of Gabon , flag of Guinea , flag of Mali , and flag of Nigeria . The green-white-red tricolour remained a symbol of republicanism throughout the 19th century and was adopted as national flag by a number of states following the Revolutions of 1848 . It was also adopted by the Kingdom of Sardinia (inherited by
10807-525: Was a horizontal tricolour, the top band was red, symbolizing the first Sunday of Easter (called "Red" Sunday), followed by a green band to represent the "Green" Sunday of Easter, and finally an arbitrary colour, white, was chosen to complete the combination. While in France , Alishan also designed a second flag. Its colours were red, green, and either blue or yellow, representing the rainbow that Noah saw after landing on Mount Ararat . On 1 August 1918, after
10914-515: Was accepted by the Italians despite being linked to the conveniences of Napoleonic France, which had strong imperialist tendencies because the new political situation was seen as better than the previous one. However, this double-threaded link with France was more acceptable than the previous centuries of absolutism . On 11 October 1796, Napoleon communicated to the Directorate the birth of
11021-454: Was adopted as its official flag. Today, it is still used by Spanish republicans. The Indian independence movement in 1931 also adopted a tricolour (loan-translated as Hindi, तिरंगा Tiraṅgā ) in the traditional symbolism of "national unification" and republican "self-rule" ( Purna Swaraj ), adopted as the flag of the India in 1947. In 1999, a red, green, and blue tricolour was proposed as
11128-625: Was brought to South America in 1835 by Giuseppe Garibaldi during his exile. The Italian flag was also waved during the uprisings of 1837 in Sicily , of 1841 in Abruzzo and of 1843 in Romagna . In 1844, a tricolour of Young Italy accompanied the Bandiera brothers in their failed attempt to raise the population of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . The patriots following the two brothers wore
11235-449: Was during this period that the green, white and red tricolour predominantly penetrated the collective imagination of the Italians, becoming an unequivocal symbol of Italianness . In less than 20 years, the red, white and green flag had acquired its own peculiarity from a simple flag derived from the French one, becoming very famous and known. In 1799, the independent Republic of Lucca came under French influence and horizontally adopted
11342-661: Was established by law n. 671 of 31 December 1996, and is held every year on 7 January. This celebration commemorates the first official adoption of the tricolour as a national flag by a sovereign Italian state, the Cispadane Republic , a Napoleonic sister republic of Revolutionary France , which took place in Reggio Emilia on 7 January 1797, on the basis of the events following the French Revolution (1789–1799) which, among its ideals, advocated national self-determination . The Italian national colours appeared for
11449-471: Was not the flag of the ruling dynasty. One of the first atlases to contain an Armenian state, a 1339 map by Angelino Dulcert depicts the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia with two flags. The first flag has a yellow field, with a red animal in the center. The second has a black field, broken by a grid of white crosses. These two flags would later appear in the 1375 Catalan Atlas , created the same year
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