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178-515: The community was named for William Jenkins, a Welsh pioneer settler. Jenkintown is located just outside Philadelphia along the Route 611 corridor between Abington and Cheltenham Townships. The borough was settled in about 1697 and incorporated on December 8, 1874, when approximately 248 acres (1.00 km) was taken from Abington Township. Today, the Borough is approximately 0.58 square miles and

356-535: A diamond interchange with Broad Street that provides access to the Bucks County Courthouse. Past this interchange, the freeway passes through a small section of the borough of Doylestown before heading back into Doylestown Township and reaching a northbound exit and southbound entrance serving PA 313 . At this point, PA 611 enters Plumstead Township and continues north, crossing Pine Run . The freeway ends and merges onto North Easton Road, with

534-604: A mayor and a twelve-member borough council. The current mayor is Gabriel Lerman. Jay Conners is the President of Borough Council, and Christian Soltysiak is vice president. The borough is part of the Fourth Congressional District , represented by Madeleine Dean . At the state level, Jenkintown is part of the Pennsylvania's 154th Representative District , represented by Napoleon Nelson , and

712-467: A turnpike . In 1811, the Philadelphia and Great Bend Turnpike, a private turnpike, was chartered to run between Philadelphia and Great Bend . This turnpike was built to attract settlers to rural Pennsylvania. The section through Covington Township was built as a plank road between 1819 and 1826 by John Delong under the employment of Henry Drinker. The Philadelphia and Great Bend Turnpike, which

890-594: A " prisoner in the Vatican ". This stand-off, which was spoken of as the Roman Question , was resolved by the 1929 Lateran Treaties , whereby the Holy See acknowledged Italian sovereignty over the former Papal States in return for payment and Italy's recognition of papal sovereignty over Vatican City as a new sovereign and independent state. Catholic missionaries generally supported, and sought to facilitate,

1068-531: A bridge over the Delaware-Lackawanna Railroad line and becoming a four-lane undivided road. Farther northwest, the road crosses Tobyhanna Creek and comes to an intersection with PA 423 southwest of Tobyhanna , with that route providing access to southbound I-380 and from northbound I-380. PA 611 continues northwest through forests as a three-lane road with one northbound lane and two southbound lanes and reaches its northern terminus at

1246-511: A brief concurrency with PA 314 before that route splits to the west. PA 611 crosses into Paradise Township and reaches Wiscasset, where it intersects Woodland Road, which leads northeast to the Mount Airy Casino Resort . The road continues through forests with some development and enters the borough of Mount Pocono . The route becomes Pocono Boulevard and passes under a Delaware-Lackawanna Railroad line before it heads east of

1424-548: A center turn lane and heads northwest, passing through a corner of Hamilton Township before it crosses into Pocono Township and runs through Bartonsville . The route continues northwest through wooded areas and development, crossing Pocono Creek twice and passing through Lower Tannersville. In Tannersville , PA 611 forms a short concurrency with PA 715 . The road passes to the east of the Pocono Premium Outlets and runs through wooded areas before it comes to

1602-723: A center turn lane, with the route passing more development and becoming the eastern border of the Biddle Air National Guard Base . The road runs through Hallowell and continues north between the air station to the west and commercial development to the east, coming to an intersection with County Line Road. Upon crossing County Line Road, PA 611 enters Warrington Township in Bucks County and continues north past multiple shopping centers. The road crosses Little Neshaminy Creek and curves northeast past more commercial development, coming to an intersection with

1780-620: A commercial area. At Grange Avenue, the Broad Street Line splits to the east to head toward its northern terminus at the Fern Rock Transportation Center . The road runs past urban homes and businesses, intersecting Stenton Avenue/Godfrey Avenue, as it continues into East Oak Lane . Here, PA 611 splits from Broad Street to head north-northeast along two-lane undivided Old York Road, passing more residences and businesses. The route comes to an interchange with

1958-544: A divided highway again and reaches the Willow Grove interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike ( I-276 ); this interchange is a double trumpet interchange . Past this interchange, the road widens to a six-lane divided highway and runs past businesses. Upon crossing Blair Mill Road, PA 611 heads into Horsham Township and turns into a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane. The route then becomes

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2136-753: A few businesses and intersects Delaware Road, which leads east to the Riegelsville Bridge over the Delaware River. PA 611 leaves Riegelsville for Williams Township in Northampton County , which is in the Lehigh Valley region, and becomes South Delaware Drive, heading north-northwest through forested areas immediately to the west of the Delaware Canal and the Delaware River. The road bends east and runs through

2314-461: A four-lane divided highway and curves northwest, crossing Pennypack Creek and coming to a junction with the eastern terminus of PA 463 in Horsham . This intersection has no direct access from PA 463 to northbound PA 611. A short distance later, the road intersects Dresher Road/Meetinghouse Road, with Dresher Road providing access to PA 463. PA 611 bends to the north-northwest and the median becomes

2492-572: A four-lane road with alternating divided and undivided stretches through urban residential and commercial areas in South Philadelphia, passing to the west of Jefferson Methodist Hospital between Ritner Street and Wolf Street. PA 611 runs to the west of South Philadelphia High School between Jackson Street and Snyder Avenue and to the east of Constitution Health Plaza between Passyunk Avenue/McKean Street and Mifflin Street. Farther north,

2670-436: A freeway and southwest as a two-lane undivided expressway -grade parkway . Past US 202, PA 611 passes over SEPTA's Lansdale/Doylestown Line . The freeway curves north to reach a partial cloverleaf interchange with the northern terminus of US 202 Bus. at State Street; this interchange serves Doylestown Hospital to the east of the road. The route bends northeast as it runs near residential and commercial development, coming to

2848-553: A household in the borough was $ 47,743, and the median income for a family was $ 72,902. Males had a median income of $ 41,970 versus $ 35,625 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 29,834. About 1.9% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over. As of 2017 there were 12.30 miles (19.79 km) of public roads in Jenkintown, of which 1.50 miles (2.41 km) were maintained by

3026-504: A junction with US 13 ( Roosevelt Boulevard ), where left turns are prohibited. A short distance later, PA 611 reaches a partial interchange with US 1 (Roosevelt Expressway), with access to southbound US 1 via Cayuga Street and from northbound US 1 via St. Lukes Street. The missing movements to and from US 1 are provided by US 13. Past US 1, the route continues north through the Logan section of Philadelphia. After crossing Windrim Avenue,

3204-470: A mix of woods, fields, and homes, curving to the north again. The route passes through Raubsville and continues north-northwest through wooded areas with sparse development alongside the canal and river, curving northeast. PA 611 passes under the Interstate 78 Toll Bridge that carries I-78 over the Delaware River before PA 611, the canal, and the river make a sharp turn to the west. The road heads into

3382-645: A mixed-use development that is located at the former Philadelphia Naval Shipyard . From the southern terminus, the route follows an eight-lane divided section of Broad Street that is also known as the Southern Boulevard Parkway, running between Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park to the west and the South Philadelphia Sports Complex to the east. At Pattison Avenue, SEPTA 's Broad Street Line ,

3560-513: A northbound jughandle . PA 611 narrows to a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane and runs through a mix of farm fields and woodland with some residential and commercial development, crossing the North Branch Neshaminy Creek . The road curves north and turns into a three-lane road with two northbound lanes and one southbound lane, with the name changing to Easton Road. PA 611 reaches Plumsteadville , where it becomes

3738-480: A partial interchange with I-380, with access to northbound I-380 and from southbound I-380. What is now PA 611 between Philadelphia and Willow Grove was originally built as part of the Old York Road , a road established in the 18th century to connect Philadelphia to New York City . This portion of the road was planned in 1711 to run from Philadelphia to Centre Bridge . The Old York Road would later exist as

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3916-524: A partial interchange with I-80, with access from westbound I-80 to both directions of PA 611 and from southbound PA 611 to eastbound I-80. The route continues north through forests with some residential and commercial development, intersecting Great Wolf Drive, which leads west to the Great Wolf Lodge resort, and curving northwest in Scotrun . The road becomes a four-lane divided highway, with

4094-594: A partial interchange with the US 22 freeway just west of the Easton–Phillipsburg Toll Bridge , with access to eastbound US 22 and from westbound US 22; PA 248 provides the missing movements. Past this, the road crosses Bushkill Creek and continues north-northeast through wooded areas along the west bank of the Delaware River, with nearby development to the west. PA 611 leaves Easton for Forks Township and runs through forested areas with some homes alongside

4272-547: A prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization . The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches , including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches , which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies around the world . The pope , who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome , known as the Holy See , is the central governing authority of

4450-476: A southbound exit and northbound entrance for North Easton Road, which provides access to PA 313 and becomes Main Street in Doylestown. PA 611 continues north-northwest on four-lane divided North Easton Road, passing under Ferry Road. The route turns into a four-lane road with two northbound lanes, one southbound lane, and a center left-turn lane before it comes to an intersection with Silo Hill Road that has

4628-677: A subway line, begins to run under the route from its southern terminus at NRG station . Past the sports complex, the road runs through urban neighborhoods and comes to an interchange with I-76 ( Schuylkill Expressway ), which heads west across Philadelphia and east toward the Walt Whitman Bridge over the Delaware River into New Jersey . Following this interchange, PA 611 narrows to a four-lane divided road and passes through Marconi Plaza before intersecting Oregon Avenue and Moyamensing Avenue. The route continues north as

4806-534: A three-lane road with a center left-turn lane and runs past businesses before it transitions to a three-lane road with two northbound lanes and one southbound lane, heading into forests and crossing into Coolbaugh Township , where the name changes to Memorial Boulevard. The road becomes three lanes with a center turn lane again and passes to the northeast of Pocono Mountains Regional Airport before running near some commercial development. The route continues through forested areas with some homes and businesses, reaching

4984-502: A three-lane road with a center turn lane and passes a mix of homes and businesses, crossing Stump Road. North of here, the route narrows to two lanes and passes some industrial development before heading into a mix of farms and woods with some homes and businesses and entering Bedminster Township . The road crosses Cabin Run and bends to the north-northeast as it continues through rural areas with some development, coming to an intersection with

5162-466: A turn to the northwest. The road then runs through forested areas with a few homes and businesses, passing through Ferndale , and winding north through more woodland with some development, with Gallows Run parallel to the west and then comes to Kintnersville , where it reaches a junction with the northern terminus of PA 32 and crosses Gallows Run. From here, PA 611 enters Durham Township and heads northwest through wooded areas as it begins to follow

5340-592: Is a state highway in eastern Pennsylvania running 109.7 mi (176.5 km) from Interstate 95 (I-95) in the southern part of Philadelphia north to I-380 in Coolbaugh Township in the Pocono Mountains . Through most of Philadelphia, PA 611 follows Broad Street , the main north-south street in Philadelphia. The route continues north through the northern suburbs of Philadelphia and serves Jenkintown , Willow Grove , and Doylestown ,

5518-418: Is a small mixed concentration of row homes, duplexes , and single-family residences. The majority of the residential development, however, is located to the west of York Road. This area consists of a traditional small town mix of detached single-family homes, duplexes, and row homes. Located throughout this area are several multi-family apartment buildings that are residential condominium or rental properties. At

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5696-594: Is composed of several turnpikes that were built in the 19th century. What is now PA 611 was designated as part of U.S. Route 611 ( US 611 ) in 1926, a U.S. highway that ran from Philadelphia City Hall in Philadelphia north to US 11 in Scranton . US 611 was designated along part of the Lackawanna Trail , which carried the PA 2 designation between 1924 and 1928. The location of the route's northern terminus in

5874-540: Is generally regarded as an institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The massive Islamic invasions of the mid-7th century began a long struggle between Christianity and Islam throughout the Mediterranean Basin. The Byzantine Empire soon lost the lands of the eastern patriarchates of Jerusalem , Alexandria and Antioch and was reduced to that of Constantinople,

6052-487: Is home to 4,500 residents. The borough is a mostly residential community that is separated into East and West by the Business District that runs along and surrounds Old York Road (Route 611) corridor. On the east side of Old York Road, residential development is predominantly characterized by larger detached single-family homes on lots larger than the Borough average. On the southeast side of York Road, there

6230-736: Is in Abington Township, with a Jenkintown mailing address. The college founded in 1947, is a private Catholic college founded by the Byzantine Ukrainian Sisters of Saint Basil the Great. It is affiliated with the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . As of the 2010 census, the borough was 87.5% White, 5.7% Black or African American, 2.0% Asian, and 1.8% were two or more races. 3.0% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of

6408-562: Is located at 40°5′46″N 75°7′46″W  /  40.09611°N 75.12944°W  / 40.09611; -75.12944 (40.096060, -75.129415). According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km), all land. Jenkintown is surrounded by Abington Township to the north, west, and east, and borders Cheltenham Township to the south. The Jenkintown School District includes Jenkintown Elementary School and Jenkintown Middle/High School. The district has an enrollment of over 700 students. St. Joseph

6586-630: Is the bishop of Rome , known as the pope ( Latin : papa , lit.   'father'), whose jurisdiction is called the Holy See ( Sancta Sedes in Latin). In parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both. Additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services. The Catholic Church has been described as

6764-491: Is the universal [katholike] Church." In the Catechetical Lectures ( c.  350 ) of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem , the name "Catholic Church" was used to distinguish it from other groups that also called themselves "the church". The "Catholic" notion was further stressed in the edict De fide Catolica issued 380 by Theodosius I , the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of

6942-651: The Pax Romana made travelling safe. The empire encouraged the spread of a common culture with Greek roots, which allowed ideas to be more easily expressed and understood. Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, however, Christianity required its adherents to renounce all other gods, a practice adopted from Judaism (see Idolatry ). The Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were unable to participate in much of public life, which caused non-Christians—including government authorities—to fear that

7120-447: The 4th Senatorial District , represented by Arthur L. Haywood III . All are Democrats . Jenkintown, like its surroundings of Abington and Cheltenham and their included towns, votes overwhelmingly Democratic. The television sitcom The Goldbergs is set in Jenkintown; it is based on the 1980s childhood of show creator Adam F. Goldberg , a Jenkintown native. Pennsylvania Route 611 Pennsylvania Route 611 ( PA 611 )

7298-809: The Byzantine–Seljuk Wars , which caused Urban to launch the First Crusade aimed at aiding the Byzantine Empire and returning the Holy Land to Christian control. In the 11th century , strained relations between the primarily Greek church and the Latin Church separated them in the East–West Schism, partially due to conflicts over papal authority. The Fourth Crusade and the sacking of Constantinople by renegade crusaders proved

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7476-775: The Code of Canon Law (1983). "Catholic Church" is also used in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), and numerous other official documents. The New Testament , in particular the Gospels , records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the Twelve Apostles and his Great Commission of

7654-666: The Council of Nicaea declared heretical . The resulting religious discord between Germanic rulers and Catholic subjects was avoided when, in 497, Clovis I , the Frankish ruler, converted to orthodox Catholicism, allying himself with the papacy and the monasteries. The Visigoths in Spain followed his lead in 589, and the Lombards in Italy in the course of the 7th century. Western Christianity , particularly through its monasteries ,

7832-567: The Delaware Canal and the west bank of the Delaware River. The road continues along the canal and the river, crossing Rodges Run , and curves north to come to an intersection with the eastern terminus of PA 212 in Durham Furnace. Past this junction, the route crosses Cooks Creek and runs northeast through more rural land before entering the borough of Riegelsville . In Riegelsville, the road heads north-northwest past homes and

8010-733: The Edict of Thessalonica made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire , a position that within the diminishing territory of the Byzantine Empire would persist until the empire itself ended in the fall of Constantinople in 1453, while elsewhere the church was independent of the empire, as became particularly clear with the East–West Schism . During the period of the Seven Ecumenical Councils , five primary sees emerged, an arrangement formalized in

8188-766: The English Reformation and the eventual development of Anglicanism . The Reformation contributed to clashes between the Protestant Schmalkaldic League and the Catholic Emperor Charles V and his allies. The first nine-year war ended in 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg but continued tensions produced a far graver conflict—the Thirty Years' War —which broke out in 1618. In France, a series of conflicts termed

8366-607: The French Wars of Religion was fought from 1562 to 1598 between the Huguenots (French Calvinists ) and the forces of the French Catholic League , which were backed and funded by a series of popes. This ended under Pope Clement VIII , who hesitantly accepted King Henry IV's 1598 Edict of Nantes granting civil and religious toleration to French Protestants. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) became

8544-608: The Immaculate Conception as a dogma in the Catholic Church . In 1870, the First Vatican Council affirmed the doctrine of papal infallibility when exercised in specifically defined pronouncements, striking a blow to the rival position of conciliarism . Controversy over this and other issues resulted in a breakaway movement called the Old Catholic Church , The Italian unification of

8722-712: The Italian Peninsula , imprisoning Pope Pius VI , who died in captivity. Napoleon later re-established the Catholic Church in France through the Concordat of 1801 . The end of the Napoleonic Wars brought Catholic revival and the return of the Papal States . In 1854, Pope Pius IX , with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted from 1851 to 1853, proclaimed

8900-559: The Lehigh River , passing under an abandoned railroad line. The route turns northwest onto four-lane South 3rd Street and crosses the Lehigh River, with the abandoned railroad tracks passing over the bridge carrying the route over the river. On the north bank, PA 611 turns northeast onto two-lane undivided Larry Holmes Drive, which is named for former heavyweight boxing champion Larry Holmes , and passes through commercial areas to

9078-400: The National Register of Historic Places . From the mid-1950s until the early 1980s, Jenkintown was a major retail hub for the northern suburbs of Philadelphia. The stretch of Old York Road from Lord & Taylor just south of Jenkintown up to the Sears in Abington Township was sometimes called the Golden 2½ Miles . Five major department stores lined Old York Road: Jenkintown borough

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9256-525: The Noble station in Noble . The route continues north past businesses along with a few nearby homes, bending to the north-northeast. The road runs through Abington Township, where it reaches a junction with Susquehanna Road and heads to the east of Jefferson Abington Hospital . PA 611 continues north past more commercial development, passing under Edge Hill Road. Farther north, the route crosses Old Welsh Road before it comes to an intersection with PA 63 , at which point it enters Upper Moreland Township . Here,

9434-506: The North Broad station . After the Glenwood Avenue junction, the route passes under Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor railroad line east of the North Philadelphia station serving Amtrak and SEPTA's Trenton Line and Chestnut Hill West Line . PA 611 heads into the Nicetown–Tioga section of Philadelphia and crosses Allegheny Avenue, at which point it runs to the west of the Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry before intersecting Westmoreland Street/Rising Sun Avenue. The route passes between

9612-404: The Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology . The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In

9790-557: The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 10.80 miles (17.38 km) were maintained by the borough. PA Route 611 heads north–south through Jenkintown along Old York Road , heading south to Philadelphia and north to Willow Grove , where it has an interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike and Doylestown . PA Route 73 passes east–west along the southern edge of Jenkintown along Washington Lane and Township Line Road, heading west to Wyncote and east to Northeast Philadelphia . Greenwood Avenue runs east–west through

9968-437: The Polish People's Republic , became the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. His 26 1/2-year pontificate was one of the longest in history, and was credited with hastening the fall of communism in Europe. John Paul II sought to evangelize an increasingly secular world . He travelled more than any other pope, visiting 129 countries, and used television and radio as means of spreading the church's teachings. He also emphasized

10146-422: The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those who ceased to be in communion became known as Protestants. While the Roman Church has been used to describe the pope's Diocese of Rome since the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages (6th–10th century), Roman Catholic Church has been applied to the whole church in the English language since the Protestant Reformation in

10324-409: The Roman Empire , when establishing the state church of the Roman Empire . Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern Orthodox Church has taken the adjective Orthodox as its distinctive epithet; its official name continues to be the Orthodox Catholic Church. The Latin Church was described as Catholic , with that description also denominating those in communion with the Holy See after

10502-404: The Sproul Road Bill in 1911, the route between Philadelphia and Scranton was designated as Legislative Route 151 between Philadelphia and Doylestown, Legislative Route 156 between Doylestown and Easton, Legislative Route 165 between Easton and Bangor , Legislative Route 166 between Bangor and Stroudsburg, and Legislative Route 168 between Stroudsburg and Scranton. In 1921, the Lackawanna Trail

10680-417: The Tacony Creek . The route turns back to the north and passes more residential development, heading to the east of Salus University before coming to an intersection with PA 73 . Upon crossing PA 73, PA 611 enters Abington Township and passes east of a high-rise apartment complex as it runs through commercial areas, becoming the border between the borough of Jenkintown to the west and Abington Township to

10858-423: The Temple University campus, passing to the east of the Liacouras Center multi-purpose arena between Cecil B. Moore Avenue and Montgomery Avenue. PA 611 leaves the university campus at the Diamond Street intersection and runs past more urban homes and businesses, crossing Dauphin Street and continuing into Glenwood . Just south of the Lehigh Avenue intersection, the road passes over SEPTA's Main Line north of

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11036-490: The Temple University School of Medicine to the west and Temple University Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children to the east between Ontario Street and Venango Street. The road continues through urban areas as a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane and intersects Erie Avenue and Germantown Avenue before passing over Conrail Shared Assets Operations ' Richmond Industrial Track line south of Lycoming Street. The route crosses Hunting Park Avenue before it comes to

11214-419: The Tridentine Mass as found in the Roman Missal of 1962, which he titled the "Extraordinary Form". Citing the frailties of advanced age, Benedict resigned in 2013, becoming the first pope to do so in nearly 600 years. Pope Francis, the current pope of the Catholic Church, became in 2013 the first pope from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere , and the first Pope from outside Europe since

11392-418: The University of Oxford , University of Paris , and University of Bologna . Higher education before then had been the domain of Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools, led by monks and nuns . Evidence of such schools dates back to the 6th century CE. These new universities expanded the curriculum to include academic programs for clerics, lawyers, civil servants, and physicians. The university

11570-460: The body and blood of Christ . The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin , Mother of God , and Queen of Heaven ; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions . Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy . The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges , hospitals , and orphanages around

11748-533: The census of 2000, there were 4,478 people, 2,035 households, and 1,088 families residing in the borough. The population density was 7,844.0 inhabitants per square mile (3,028.6/km). There were 2,085 housing units at an average density of 3,652.2 per square mile (1,410.1/km). The racial makeup of the borough was 93.61% White , 4.00% African American , 0.04% Native American , 0.94% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.49% from other races , and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of

11926-444: The dignity of work and natural rights of labourers to have fair wages and safe conditions in Laborem exercens . He emphasized several church teachings, including moral exhortations against abortion, euthanasia , and against widespread use of the death penalty, in Evangelium Vitae . Pope Benedict XVI , elected in 2005, was known for upholding traditional Christian values against secularization , and for increasing use of

12104-412: The successors of Christ's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter , upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of

12282-422: The 14th century. To escape instability in Rome, Clement V in 1309 became the first of seven popes to reside in the fortified city of Avignon in southern France during a period known as the Avignon Papacy . The Avignon Papacy ended in 1376 when the pope returned to Rome, but was followed in 1378 by the 38-year-long Western schism , with claimants to the papacy in Rome, Avignon and (after 1409) Pisa. The matter

12460-412: The 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality , its doctrine against ordaining women , and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy. Catholic (from Greek : καθολικός , romanized :  katholikos , lit.   'universal')

12638-414: The 1860s incorporated the Papal States, including Rome itself from 1870, into the Kingdom of Italy , thus ending the papacy's temporal power . In response, Pope Pius IX excommunicated King Victor Emmanuel II , refused payment for the land, and rejected the Italian Law of Guarantees , which granted him special privileges. To avoid placing himself in visible subjection to the Italian authorities, he remained

12816-575: The 1960s, Pope John XXIII convened the Second Vatican Council , which ushered in radical change to church ritual and practice, and in the later 20th century, the long reign of Pope John Paul II contributed to the fall of communism in Europe, and a new public and international role for the papacy. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its doctrines on sexuality , its inability to ordain women , and its handling of sexual abuse cases . Pope Pius X (1903–1914) renewed

12994-685: The 20th century, the majority have resided in the Global South , partially due to secularization in Europe and North America. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope . Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did

13172-620: The 21st century. Pope Gregory VII further initiated the Gregorian Reforms regarding the independence of the clergy from secular authority. This led to the Investiture Controversy between the church and the Holy Roman Emperors , over which had the authority to appoint bishops and popes. In 1095, Byzantine emperor Alexius I appealed to Pope Urban II for help against renewed Muslim invasions in

13350-472: The Americas, Asia and Oceania by explorers, conquistadors, and missionaries, as well as by the transformation of societies through the socio-political mechanisms of colonial rule. Pope Alexander VI had awarded colonial rights over most of the newly discovered lands to Spain and Portugal and the ensuing patronato system allowed state authorities, not the Vatican, to control all clerical appointments in

13528-402: The Byzantine Empire lost to the Lombards the city of Ravenna from which it governed the small fragments of Italy, including Rome, that acknowledged its sovereignty. The fall of Ravenna meant that confirmation by a no longer existent exarch was not asked for during the election in 752 of Pope Stephen II and that the papacy was forced to look elsewhere for a civil power to protect it. In 754, at

13706-594: The Catholic and Orthodox churches. Several eastern churches reunited, forming the majority of the Eastern Catholic Churches . The Age of Discovery beginning in the 15th century saw the expansion of Western Europe's political and cultural influence worldwide. Because of the prominent role the strongly Catholic nations of Spain and Portugal played in Western colonialism, Catholicism was spread to

13884-534: The Christians were angering the gods and thereby threatening the peace and prosperity of the Empire. The resulting persecutions were a defining feature of Christian self-understanding until Christianity was legalized in the 4th century. In 313, Emperor Constantine I 's Edict of Milan legalized Christianity, and in 330 Constantine moved the imperial capital to Constantinople , modern Istanbul, Turkey . In 380

14062-626: The Edict of Nantes by King Louis XIV of France , which ended a century-long policy of religious toleration of Protestant Huguenots. As the papacy resisted pushes for Gallicanism , the French Revolution of 1789 shifted power to the state, caused the destruction of churches, the establishment of a Cult of Reason , and the martyrdom of nuns during the Reign of Terror . In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte 's General Louis-Alexandre Berthier invaded

14240-457: The European imperial powers' conquest of Africa during the late nineteenth century. According to the historian of religion Adrian Hastings , Catholic missionaries were generally unwilling to defend African rights or encourage Africans to see themselves as equals to Europeans, in contrast to Protestant missionaries, who were more willing to oppose colonial injustices. During the 20th century,

14418-569: The Holy See, or the Apostolic See (meaning the see of the apostle Peter). Directly serving the pope is the Roman Curia, the central governing body that administers the day-to-day business of the Catholic Church. The pope is also sovereign of Vatican City, a small city-state entirely enclaved within the city of Rome, which is an entity distinct from the Holy See. It is as head of the Holy See, not as head of Vatican City State, that

14596-604: The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies , and institutes such as mendicant orders , enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church. Of its seven sacraments , the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass . The church teaches that through consecration by a priest , the sacrificial bread and wine become

14774-503: The Martz Express bus station serving Mount Pocono and the former Mount Pocono station , continuing north as a two-lane undivided road through residential areas with a few businesses. PA 611 heads into a commercial area and comes to an intersection with PA 940 , with that route turning north for a short concurrency before it splits west at an intersection that also serves as the southern terminus of PA 196 . From here, PA 611 becomes

14952-594: The Neshaminy Creek, between south of Doylestown and Plumsteadville, between US 46 in Portland and Slateford, between Delaware Water Gap and south of Stroudsburg, from a point north of the PA 507 intersection north to the newly-constructed PA 307 in southern Lackawanna County , and between south of Dunmore and Scranton. During the 1940s, US 611 was upgraded to a multilane road between Philadelphia and south of Doylestown, between south of Stroudsburg and north of

15130-546: The PA 507 intersection, and along a short stretch to the north of PA 348 in Lackawanna County. By 1950, US 611 was realigned to bypass Pipersville to the west, with the former alignment becoming Old Easton Road. The route was also shifted west to a new alignment between north of PA 113 and north of Ottsville, with the former alignment becoming Durham Road. US 611 was extended further north along US 11 to end at US 6 at

15308-453: The Pope's insistence on public neutrality and diplomatic language has become a source of much criticism and debate. Nevertheless, in every country under German occupation, priests played a major part in rescuing Jews. Israeli historian Pinchas Lapide estimated that Catholic rescue of Jews amounted to somewhere between 700,000 and 860,000 people. The Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church

15486-746: The Protector Regional Catholic School in Glenside and Abington Township is the area Catholic school. It was formed in 2012 by the merger of Immaculate Conception School in Jenkintown and St. Luke the Evangelist School in Glenside. Abington Friends School is an independent Quaker school in nearby Abington Township , serving students from age 3 to grade 12. Abington Friends School has stood on its original campus in Abington Township since 1697. Manor College

15664-573: The Reformation, which gave birth to the great majority of Protestant denominations and also crypto-Protestantism within the Catholic Church. Meanwhile, Henry VIII petitioned Pope Clement VII for a declaration of nullity concerning his marriage to Catherine of Aragon . When this was denied, he had the Acts of Supremacy passed to make himself Supreme Head of the Church of England , spurring

15842-475: The Scranton region has changed numerous times. In the 1930s, US 611 underwent two realignments along the stretch of the road connecting Easton and Stroudsburg. In 1953, US 611 was moved to a new alignment between Portland and Delaware Water Gap that crossed the Delaware River twice and ran through a section of New Jersey , with the former alignment becoming US 611 Alternate (US 611 Alt.). The alignment of

16020-621: The Second World War, also because they had powerful supporters from the Vatican. The judgment of Pius XII is made more difficult by the sources, because the church archives for his tenure as nuncio, cardinal secretary of state and pope are in part closed or not yet processed. The Second Vatican Council (1962–65) introduced the most significant changes to Catholic practices since the Council of Trent, four centuries before. Initiated by Pope John XXIII, this ecumenical council modernized

16198-586: The War, and established aid networks to help victims, but he secretly assisted the anti-Hitler resistance and shared intelligence with the Allies. His first encyclical Summi Pontificatus (1939) expressed dismay at the 1939 Invasion of Poland and reiterated Catholic teaching against racism. He expressed concern against race killings on Vatican Radio , and intervened diplomatically to attempt to block Nazi deportations of Jews in various countries from 1942 to 1944. But

16376-575: The apostles, instructing them to continue his work. The book Acts of Apostles , tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. The Catholic Church teaches that its public ministry began on Pentecost , occurring fifty days following the date Christ is believed to have resurrected . At Pentecost, the apostles are believed to have received the Holy Spirit, preparing them for their mission in leading

16554-527: The areas under his control definitively established a form of caesaropapism , in which "he had the right and duty of regulating by his laws the minutest details of worship and discipline, and also of dictating the theological opinions to be held in the Church", re-established imperial power over Rome and other parts of the West, initiating the period termed the Byzantine Papacy (537–752), during which

16732-401: The average family size was 3.08. The age distribution of the borough's population is spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.2 males. The median income for

16910-626: The bishops of Rome, or popes, required approval from the emperor in Constantinople or from his representative in Ravenna for consecration, and most were selected by the emperor from his Greek-speaking subjects, resulting in a "melting pot" of Western and Eastern Christian traditions in art as well as liturgy. Most of the Germanic tribes who in the following centuries invaded the Roman Empire had adopted Christianity in its Arian form, which

17088-590: The borough of Portland . PA 611 widens to a four-lane divided highway and splits from the road at a partial cloverleaf interchange to head northwest on Delaware Avenue, with the divided highway leading to the Portland–Columbia Toll Bridge over the Delaware River to New Jersey, where the road becomes Route 94 and provides access to I-80 and the western terminus of US 46 . From here, PA 611 follows two-lane undivided Delaware Avenue through downtown Portland before heading into wooded areas with homes to

17266-507: The center of Jenkintown, heading west to Wyncote. The Jenkintown-Wyncote station is one of SEPTA 's major Regional Rail stops; the Lansdale/Doylestown Line , Warminster Line , and West Trenton Line regional rail services all stop there. Jenkintown-Wyncote station is the busiest SEPTA Regional Rail station outside the city of Philadelphia. The Jenkintown-Wyncote station building with its Queen Anne-style architecture

17444-795: The center of this residential area are the Jenkintown Elementary School and the Jenkintown High School. The Jenkintown Fire Department consists of two fire companies founded more than 125 years ago. The Jenkintown Fire Department is a totally volunteer department consisting of the Pioneer Fire Company #1 and the Independent Fire Company #2. The Pioneer Company was organized in 1884 and the Independent Company

17622-496: The church's approach to ecumenism , and a call to improved relations with non-Christian religions, especially Judaism, in its document Nostra aetate . The council, however, generated significant controversy in implementing its reforms: proponents of the " Spirit of Vatican II " such as Swiss theologian Hans Küng said that Vatican II had "not gone far enough" to change church policies. Traditionalist Catholics , such as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre , however, strongly criticized

17800-466: The church's global reach continued to grow, despite the rise of anti-Catholic authoritarian regimes and the collapse of European Empires, accompanied by a general decline in religious observance in the West. Under Popes Benedict XV , and Pius XII , the Holy See sought to maintain public neutrality through the World Wars, acting as peace broker and delivering aid to the victims of the conflicts. In

17978-592: The church. The Catholic Church teaches that the college of bishops , led by the bishop of Rome are the successors to the Apostles. In the account of the Confession of Peter found in the Gospel of Matthew , Christ designates Peter as the "rock" upon which Christ's church will be built. The Catholic Church considers the bishop of Rome, the pope, to be the successor to Saint Peter . Some scholars state Peter

18156-422: The church. There are three levels of clergy: the episcopate, composed of bishops who hold jurisdiction over a geographic area called a diocese or eparchy ; the presbyterate, composed of priests ordained by bishops and who work in local dioceses or religious orders; and the diaconate, composed of deacons who assist bishops and priests in a variety of ministerial roles. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church

18334-651: The church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia , has its principal offices in Vatican City , which is a small, independent city-state and enclave within the city of Rome , of which the pope is head of state . The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , that its bishops are

18512-400: The city of Easton and intersects Cedarville Road, which heads south and west to provide access to I-78. The route continues northwest through wooded areas alongside the Delaware Canal and Delaware River , with nearby residential development to the west. PA 611 crosses under Norfolk Southern's Lehigh Line and Portland Secondary railroad line before turning southwest along the south bank of

18690-810: The conflict. Catholic clergy played a leading role in the government of the fascist Slovak State , which collaborated with the Nazis, copied their anti-Semitic policies, and helped them carry out the Holocaust in Slovakia. Jozef Tiso , the President of the Slovak State and a Catholic priest, supported his government's deportation of Slovakian Jews to extermination camps. The Vatican protested against these Jewish deportations in Slovakia and in other Nazi puppet regimes including Vichy France , Croatia, Bulgaria , Italy and Hungary. Around 1943, Adolf Hitler planned

18868-522: The council, arguing that its liturgical reforms led "to the destruction of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and the sacraments", among other issues. The teaching on the morality of contraception also came under scrutiny; after a series of disagreements, Humanae vitae upheld the church's prohibition of all forms of contraception. In 1978, Pope John Paul II , formerly Archbishop of Kraków in

19046-495: The development of the role of the papacy in the subsequent church". These roles, Brown says, "contributed enormously to seeing the bishop of Rome, the bishop of the city where Peter died and where Paul witnessed the truth of Christ, as the successor of Peter in care for the church universal". Conditions in the Roman Empire facilitated the spread of new ideas. The empire's network of roads and waterways facilitated travel, and

19224-554: The driving force behind the Counter-Reformation in response to the Protestant movement. Doctrinally, it reaffirmed central Catholic teachings such as transubstantiation and the requirement for love and hope as well as faith to attain salvation. In subsequent centuries, Catholicism spread widely across the world, in part through missionaries and imperialism , although its hold on European populations declined due to

19402-550: The east of Benjamin Franklin High School . The road then heads out of Center City and into North Philadelphia . The route continues north as a four-lane road with alternating divided and undivided stretches through urban residential and commercial development, crossing Ridge Avenue /Fairmount Avenue and Girard Avenue , the latter of which carries SEPTA's Route 15 trolley line. The road enters Cecil B. Moore and crosses Cecil B. Moore Avenue as it heads through

19580-496: The east of downtown Easton, running along the north bank of the Lehigh River before curving north and following the west bank of the Delaware River. The road intersects Northampton Street just west of the Northampton Street Bridge over the river before it comes to an intersection with the eastern terminus of PA 248 . At this point, the route turns east onto North Delaware Drive and bends north as it comes to

19758-786: The east of the former University of the Arts and the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts between the Pine Street and Spruce Street intersections and heads east of the Academy of Music at the Locust Street intersection. The route crosses Walnut Street and Chestnut Street before it comes to Penn Square, a square-shaped traffic circle that runs around Philadelphia City Hall which is formed by South Penn Square to

19936-419: The east. The route fully enters Jenkintown and turns into four-lane undivided York Road, heading through the downtown area. The road passes more commercial development and becomes the border between Abington Township to the west and Jenkintown to the east. PA 611 fully enters Abington Township again and turns into a divided highway called Old York Road, coming to a bridge over SEPTA's West Trenton Line west of

20114-735: The eighth-century Gregory III . Francis has made efforts to further close Catholicism's estrangement with the Eastern churches. His installation was attended by Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the first time since the Great Schism of 1054 that the Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople has attended a papal installation, while he also met Patriarch Kirill of Moscow , head of

20292-698: The empire's capital. As a result of Islamic domination of the Mediterranean , the Frankish state, centred away from that sea, was able to evolve as the dominant power that shaped the Western Europe of the Middle Ages. The battles of Toulouse and Poitiers halted the Islamic advance in the West and the failed siege of Constantinople halted it in the East. Two or three decades later, in 751,

20470-521: The entire length of PA 827. The former alignment of the route between Martins Creek and Mount Bethel via Bangor was designated as PA 712 ; this road is now unnumbered Main Street and Lower South Main Street between Martins Creek and Bangor and PA 512 between Bangor and Mount Bethel. US 611 and PA 612 switched alignments between Delaware Water Gap and Stroudsburg in the 1930s, with US 611 realigned to follow Foxtown Hill Road and Park Avenue between Delaware Water Gap and Stroudsburg and PA 612 designated to follow

20648-455: The final breach. In this age great gothic cathedrals in France were an expression of popular pride in the Christian faith. In the early 13th century mendicant orders were founded by Francis of Assisi and Dominic de Guzmán . The studia conventualia and studia generalia of the mendicant orders played a large role in the transformation of church-sponsored cathedral schools and palace schools, such as that of Charlemagne at Aachen , into

20826-468: The former alignment of US 611 between Delaware Water Gap and Stroudsburg via East Stroudsburg along Broad Street, Brown Street, Prospect Street, Ridgeway Street, Bridge Street, and Main Street. By 1940, US 611 was extended north along US 11 to follow Green Ridge Street, Main Avenue, and Market Street to end at US 6 at Keyser Avenue in Scranton. In the 1930s, US 611 was widened into a multilane road across

21004-529: The growth of religious scepticism during and after the Enlightenment. From the 17th century onward, the Enlightenment questioned the power and influence of the Catholic Church over Western society. In the 18th century, writers such as Voltaire and the Encyclopédistes wrote biting critiques of both religion and the Catholic Church. One target of their criticism was the 1685 revocation of

21182-424: The hill. PA 611 passes through Foxtown and enters the borough of Stroudsburg , curving west and coming to an intersection with PA 191 . Here, the route becomes two-lane Park Avenue and turns north through residential areas, reaching a partial interchange with I-80/ US 209 with access to and from the eastbound lanes of I-80/US 209; access to and from the westbound lanes is provided by PA 191. Past this interchange,

21360-531: The independence of papal office by abolishing the veto of Catholic powers in papal elections, and his successors Benedict XV (1914–1922) and Pius XI (1922–1939) concluded the modern independence of the Vatican State within Italy. Benedict XV was elected at the outbreak of the First World War . He attempted to mediate between the powers and established a Vatican relief office, to assist victims of

21538-551: The kidnapping of the Pope and his internment in Germany. He gave SS General Wolff a corresponding order to prepare for the action. While Pope Pius XII has been credited with helping to save hundreds of thousands of Jews during the Holocaust , the church has also been accused of having encouraged centuries of antisemitism by its teachings and not doing enough to stop Nazi atrocities. Many Nazi criminals escaped overseas after

21716-591: The largest Eastern Orthodox church, in 2016; this was reported as the first such high-level meeting between the two churches since the Great Schism of 1054. In 2017 during a visit in Egypt , Pope Francis reestablished mutual recognition of baptism with the Coptic Orthodox Church . The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity , led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within

21894-550: The late 16th century. Further, some will refer to the Latin Church as Roman Catholic in distinction from the Eastern Catholic churches. "Roman Catholic" has occasionally appeared also in documents produced both by the Holy See, and notably used by certain national episcopal conferences and local dioceses. The name Catholic Church for the whole church is used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1990) and

22072-454: The latter of which it bypasses on a freeway . North of Doylestown, PA 611 heads through rural areas and runs along the west bank of the Delaware River to Easton in the Lehigh Valley . The route continues back into rural land and passes through the Delaware Water Gap , at which point it enters the Pocono Mountains region, heading northwest through Stroudsburg and Mount Pocono toward its northern terminus. The current alignment of PA 611

22250-405: The left lanes used for left turns and the right lanes used for travel. The highway runs north through wooded areas with some businesses. The route becomes a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane and passes to the west of a Sanofi Pasteur plant before it comes to a junction with PA 314 in Swiftwater , where it turns into a four-lane divided highway. PA 611 then curves northwest and forms

22428-405: The median for a center turn lane again and runs through wooded areas with some homes, passing to the east of a quarry. The route enters Doylestown Township and becomes a four-lane divided highway, heading past commercial development and intersecting Almshouse Road. PA 611 transitions to a five-lane road with a center turn lane and crosses Neshaminy Creek , passing through Edison. North of here,

22606-577: The mid-6th century by Emperor Justinian I as the pentarchy of Rome, Constantinople , Antioch , Jerusalem and Alexandria . In 451 the Council of Chalcedon , in a canon of disputed validity, elevated the see of Constantinople to a position "second in eminence and power to the bishop of Rome". From c.  350  – c.  500 , the bishops, or popes, of Rome, steadily increased in authority through their consistent intervening in support of orthodox leaders in theological disputes, which encouraged appeals to them. Emperor Justinian , who in

22784-435: The new colonies. In 1521 the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan made the first Catholic converts in the Philippines . Elsewhere, Portuguese missionaries under the Spanish Jesuit Francis Xavier evangelized in India, China, and Japan. The French colonization of the Americas beginning in the 16th century established a Catholic francophone population and forbade non-Catholics to settle in Quebec . In 1415, Jan Hus

22962-456: The northeast along North York Road. This intersection has no direct access from southbound PA 611 to PA 263. Past this junction, PA 611 heads northwest as a four-lane undivided road past a mix of suburban homes and businesses. The road curves north and briefly becomes a divided highway at the Fitzwatertown Road intersection before passing more commercial development and crossing under Norfolk Southern 's Morrisville Line . The route transitions into

23140-467: The northern edge of Scranton in the 1950s. In the 1950s, PA 291 replaced the PA 191 designation along Broad Street between Moyamensing Avenue and US 611 at Philadelphia City Hall. In the 1950s, US 611 was upgraded to a divided highway between Philadelphia and PA 63 in Willow Grove, between Scotrun and PA 196 in Mount Pocono, and along a short stretch south of PA 490 (now PA 423) in Tobyhanna. The section of US 611 between PA 590 in Elmhurst and Dunmore

23318-428: The northern terminus of PA 413 in Pipersville . PA 611 heads through wooded areas with some fields and homes, crossing Deep Run and curving to the northwest. The route crosses Tohickon Creek into Tinicum Township and heads north to an intersection with the northern end of PA 113 . Past this junction, the road runs north-northwest through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes and businesses, passing to

23496-549: The northwest along with the railroad tracks and the river through more dense forests. The route passes to the west of the Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge carrying I-80 over the Delaware River at the Resort Point Overlook and bends northwest away from the river. The road leaves the recreation area, crosses the Appalachian Trail , and heads past homes and a few businesses as Main Street. PA 611 runs past businesses and turns southwest onto Foxtown Hill Road, with that road heading northeast to provide access to I-80. Past this intersection,

23674-424: The northwest. The route leaves Stroudsburg for Stroud Township and runs west through commercial areas with some homes, passing through Arlington Heights . The road gains a center left-turn lane and passes more businesses, heading to the south of the Stroud Mall . PA 611 comes to a partial interchange providing access from northbound PA 611 to westbound I-80 and from eastbound I-80 to southbound PA 611 and turns to

23852-434: The northwest. The route continues through a mix of residential and commercial development and woods parallel to I-80. Farther west, the road passes north of St. Luke's Hospital–Monroe Campus and widens to five lanes, coming to an at-grade intersection with the northern terminus of the PA 33 freeway, which provides access to I-80 immediately to the south. Past this junction, PA 611 narrows to an unnamed three-lane road with

24030-458: The numerous visual artists sponsored by the church. Historian Paul Legutko of Stanford University said the Catholic Church is "at the center of the development of the values, ideas, science, laws, and institutions which constitute what we call Western civilization ". In Western Christendom , the first universities in Europe were established by monks. Beginning in the 11th century, several older cathedral schools became universities, such as

24208-406: The oldest multinational organization in the world. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church is headed by the pope, currently Pope Francis , who was elected on 13 March 2013 by a papal conclave . The office of the pope is known as the papacy . The Catholic Church holds that Christ instituted the papacy upon giving the keys of Heaven to Saint Peter . His ecclesiastical jurisdiction is called

24386-448: The pope receives ambassadors of states and sends them his own diplomatic representatives. The Holy See also confers orders, decorations and medals , such as the orders of chivalry originating from the Middle Ages . While the famous Saint Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City, above the traditional site of Saint Peter's tomb , the papal cathedral for the Diocese of Rome is the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran , located within

24564-408: The population. There were 2,035 households, out of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 40.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and

24742-437: The portion of PA 612 along Foxtown Hill Road was paved while the PA 302 designation was removed. The northern end of US 611 was routed by 1930 to follow Drinker Street and Blakely Street in Dunmore to end at US 11 at Green Ridge Street, with US 11 having replaced US 611 along Green Ridge Street to Main Avenue in Scranton. In the 1930s, US 611 was realigned to follow Delaware Drive between Martins Creek and Portland, replacing

24920-412: The practices of the Catholic Church, allowing the Mass to be said in the vernacular (local language) and encouraging "fully conscious, and active participation in liturgical celebrations". It intended to engage the church more closely with the present world ( aggiornamento ), which was described by its advocates as an "opening of the windows". In addition to changes in the liturgy, it led to changes to

25098-683: The preservation and transmission of ancient culture. During this period, monastic Ireland became a centre of learning and early Irish missionaries such as Columbanus and Columba spread Christianity and established monasteries across continental Europe. The Catholic Church was the dominant influence on Western civilization from Late Antiquity to the dawn of the modern age. It was the primary sponsor of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Mannerist and Baroque styles in art, architecture and music. Renaissance figures such as Raphael , Michelangelo , Leonardo da Vinci , Botticelli , Fra Angelico , Tintoretto , Titian , Bernini and Caravaggio are examples of

25276-405: The prominent universities of Europe. Scholastic theologians and philosophers such as the Dominican priest Thomas Aquinas studied and taught at these studia. Aquinas' Summa Theologica was an intellectual milestone in its synthesis of the legacy of ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle with the content of Christian revelation. A growing sense of church-state conflicts marked

25454-424: The river, curving to the north. The road continues through rural areas parallel to the Delaware River, turning to the northwest and then to the northeast. The route enters Lower Mount Bethel Township and through Sandts Eddy. PA 611 curves north and runs through wooded areas with some homes and businesses, crossing a Norfolk Southern railroad spur. The road turns northwest away from the Delaware River and runs to

25632-481: The road becomes South 7th Street and crosses McMichael Creek before it heads into the commercial downtown of Stroudsburg, where it comes to an intersection with US 209 Bus. Here, PA 611 turns west for a concurrency with US 209 Bus. on Main Street, passing through more of the downtown. Main Street has two southbound lanes and one northbound lane. PA 611 splits from US 209 Bus. by turning north onto two-lane North 9th Street, heading past homes and businesses and curving to

25810-432: The road becomes undivided North York Road and heads into Willow Grove , curving northwest and crossing Davisville Road and then SEPTA's Warminster Line at-grade south of the Willow Grove station . Past the train station, PA 611 intersects Easton Road, where it continues north along four-lane divided Easton Road. A short distance later, the route comes to a junction with the southern terminus of PA 263 , which splits to

25988-522: The road crosses Washington Avenue , where it becomes the Avenue of the Arts (in addition to Broad Street), and heads west of the Philadelphia High School for the Creative and Performing Arts between Carpenter Street and Christian Street. PA 611 intersects South Street and Lombard Street, at which point it heads into Center City Philadelphia . The route then transitions to a six-lane divided highway and runs past commercial development and high-rise buildings, including several theaters. The road passes to

26166-484: The road passes north of the Martz Bus Terminal and a commuter parking lot serving Delaware Water Gap. The route becomes a three-lane road with two northbound lanes and one southbound lane that ascends a hill, running past homes before entering Smithfield Township and heading into forests. The road curves west and narrows to two lanes, entering Stroud Township , before it turns northwest and becomes three lanes with one northbound lane and two southbound lanes as it descends

26344-437: The road passes under railroad tracks carrying CSX 's Trenton Subdivision line and SEPTA's Main Line. PA 611 continues past more urban homes and runs to the west of Jefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital between Somerville Avenue and Tabor Road. The route heads between the Philadelphia High School for Girls to the west and SEPTA's Olney Transportation Center to the east before it crosses Olney Avenue and Old York Road in

26522-402: The route becomes a four-lane freeway called the Doylestown Bypass, which bypasses the borough of Doylestown to the west. The first interchange is a northbound exit and southbound entrance for Main Street, which heads north into Doylestown. The freeway continues northwest through wooded areas with nearby development and comes to a cloverleaf interchange with US 202 , which heads northeast as

26700-532: The route cuts through a corner of Washington Township and runs through Richmond. PA 611 enters Upper Mount Bethel Township and heads through a mix of farm fields and woods with some homes, passing through Centerville. The road continues north through rural land and comes to an intersection with the northern terminus of PA 512 before it heads northeast through Mount Bethel . The route runs through wooded areas with some homes and businesses and passes under Norfolk Southern's Portland Secondary, at which point it enters

26878-424: The route in New Jersey and across the Delaware Water Gap back into Pennsylvania became part of I-80 ; US 611 was shifted back to its Pennsylvania alignment in 1965, replacing US 611 Alt. US 611 was decommissioned in 1972 and the route was replaced with PA 611 between Philadelphia City Hall in Philadelphia and I-81E (now I-380) in Tobyhanna and PA 435 between I-81E in Gouldsboro and I-81E in Dunmore . PA 611

27056-481: The schism was reconciled, unresolved issues would lead to further division. In the 11th century, the efforts of Hildebrand of Sovana led to the creation of the College of Cardinals to elect new popes, starting with Pope Alexander II in the papal election of 1061 . When Alexander II died, Hildebrand was elected to succeed him, as Pope Gregory VII . The basic election system of the College of Cardinals which Gregory VII helped establish has continued to function into

27234-485: The south, Juniper Street to the east, John F. Kennedy Boulevard to the north, and 15th Street to the west. At Penn Square, PA 611 intersects Market Street along with the eastern terminus of PA 3 , which is routed on the one-way pair of Market Street eastbound and John F. Kennedy Boulevard westbound. Past Penn Square, PA 611 continues north along six-lane divided Broad Street through more commercial development and high-rise buildings in Center City. The road passes to

27412-540: The southern terminus of PA 309 at Cheltenham Avenue on the northern border of Philadelphia. At the interchange with PA 309, PA 611 enters Cheltenham Township in Montgomery County and continues north along four-lane divided Old York Road, running past businesses before heading through Melrose Park and passing west of Gratz College . The road curves northeast at the Ashbourne Road intersection and passes under SEPTA's Main Line, at which point it heads into Elkins Park and runs past businesses, crossing Church Road and

27590-458: The southwest and Norfolk Southern's Stroudsburg Secondary railroad line and the Delaware River to the northeast. The road gains a second northbound lane and leaves Portland for Upper Mount Bethel Township, heading into forested areas and passing to the west of Slateford . The route crosses into the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area and narrows to two lanes, passing to the east of the eastern extent of Blue Mountain at Mount Minsi and to

27768-476: The southwest of Norfolk Southern's Portland Secondary, heading into Martins Creek . Here, the route turns east at an intersection with Front Street and Main Street to remain along North Delaware Drive, passing over the Norfolk Southern line and Martins Creek . PA 611 runs through woods before heading through farm fields and making a turn to the north. The road heads northeast through farmland with some woods and homes, passing through Mount Pleasant. Farther along,

27946-521: The term "bishop of Rome" to the most prominent members of the clergy in the earlier period and also to Peter himself. On this basis protestant scholars Oscar Cullmann , Henry Chadwick , and Bart D. Ehrman question whether there was a formal link between Peter and the modern papacy. Raymond E. Brown also says that it is anachronistic to speak of Peter in terms of local bishop of Rome, but that Christians of that period would have looked on Peter as having "roles that would contribute in an essential way to

28124-427: The urgent request of Pope Stephen, the Frankish king Pepin the Short conquered the Lombards. He then gifted the lands of the former exarchate to the pope, thus initiating the Papal States . Rome and the Byzantine East would delve into further conflict during the Photian schism of the 860s, when Photius criticized the Latin west of adding of the filioque clause after being excommunicated by Nicholas I . Though

28302-423: The war and reunite families. The interwar Pope Pius XI modernized the papacy, appointing 40 indigenous bishops and concluding fifteen concordats, including the Lateran Treaty with Italy which founded the Vatican City State . His successor Pope Pius XII led the Catholic Church through the Second World War and early Cold War . Like his predecessors, Pius XII sought to publicly maintain Vatican neutrality in

28480-454: The west of Ottsville as it crosses over Creamery Road on a bridge. PA 611 enters Nockamixon Township and continues through rural land with scattered development. The road comes to an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 412 in Harrow ; PA 412 provides access to Nockamixon State Park . From here, the route bends north and runs through wooded areas with some fields and development, curving northeast. PA 611 comes to Revere and makes

28658-419: The west of a Delaware-Lackawanna Railroad line and the Delaware River as it traverses the Delaware Water Gap . Along this stretch, the road passes the Arrow Island Overlook. While traversing the Delaware Water Gap, PA 611 enters the borough of Delaware Water Gap in Monroe County and heads into the Pocono Mountains region of Pennsylvania. After passing the Point of Gap Overlook, the road curves west and

28836-539: The west of the Pennsylvania Convention Center between Arch Street and Race Street and to the east of the former Hahnemann University Hospital between Race Street and Vine Street . At Vine Street, the route comes to an interchange with I-676 / US 30 (Vine Street Expressway), with access provided by the Vine Street frontage road . Roman Catholic High School is located east of the road just north of Vine Street. Following this, PA 611 passes more commercial development and crosses Spring Garden Street before running to

29014-467: The western terminus of PA 132 at Street Road in Neshaminy , where it is briefly a divided highway. Past this intersection, the route heads to the west of The Shops at Valley Square and becomes a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane that runs north through suburban residential and commercial development. PA 611 bends to the north-northeast and turns into a divided highway as it reaches an intersection with Bristol Road in Warrington . The road loses

29192-428: The world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations. The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy , culture , art , literature , music , law , and science . Catholics live all over the world through missions , immigration , diaspora , and conversions . Since

29370-427: Was a major factor in preserving classical civilization , with its art (see Illuminated manuscript ) and literacy. Through his Rule , Benedict of Nursia ( c.  480 –543), one of the founders of Western monasticism , exerted an enormous influence on European culture through the appropriation of the monastic spiritual heritage of the early Catholic Church and, with the spread of the Benedictine tradition, through

29548-404: Was also known as the Drinker Turnpike, was built from 1826 to 1828. In 1823, the Willow Grove and Doylestown Turnpike Company was chartered to build a turnpike between Willow Grove and Doylestown. The turnpike between Willow Grove and Doylestown was completed in the 1830s. The Easton Road between Doylestown and Plumsteadville was improved into a turnpike in the 1840s. Following the passage of

29726-413: Was at its most intense in Poland , and Catholic resistance to Nazism took various forms. Some 2,579 Catholic clergy were sent to the Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp , including 400 Germans. Thousands of priests, nuns and brothers were imprisoned, taken to a concentration camp, tortured and murdered, including Saints Maximilian Kolbe and Edith Stein . Catholics fought on both sides in

29904-443: Was built as a paved auto trail running from Easton north through Stroudsburg to Scranton and the New York border. After being constructed, the trail was one of the best paved roads in the eastern part of the United States. The road between Philadelphia and Scranton was designated by the state in 1924 as part of the Lackawanna Trail, which continued north past Scranton to the New York state line in Great Bend. The Lackawanna Trail

30082-529: Was burned at the stake for heresy, but his reform efforts encouraged Martin Luther , an Augustinian friar in modern-day Germany, who sent his Ninety-five Theses to several bishops in 1517. His theses protested key points of Catholic doctrine as well as the sale of indulgences , and along with the Leipzig Debate this led to his excommunication in 1521. In Switzerland , Huldrych Zwingli , John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers further criticized Catholic teachings. These challenges developed into

30260-488: Was designated onto the portion of Delaware Drive between US 611 in Martins Creek and Martins Creek Belvidere Highway; this road was paved. In addition, the section of Delaware Drive between east of Martins Creek and Mount Bethel was an unnumbered paved road. In 1928, PA 612 was designated onto unpaved Foxtown Hill Road between US 611 in Delaware Water Gap and south of Stroudsburg while PA 302 was designated onto paved Park Avenue between PA 612 and US 611 in Stroudsburg. By 1930,

30438-433: Was designed by famous Philadelphia architect Horace Trumbauer . SEPTA provides City Bus service to Jenkintown along Route 55 , which follows PA 611 south to Olney Transportation Center in North Philadelphia and north to Willow Grove and Doylestown, and Route 77 , which heads west to the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia and east to Northeast Philadelphia . Jenkintown has a city manager form of government with

30616-406: Was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century. The first known use of the phrase "the catholic church" ( Greek : καθολικὴ ἐκκλησία , romanized :  katholikḕ ekklēsía ) occurred in the letter written about 110 AD from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans , which read: "Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there let the people be, even as where Jesus may be, there

30794-456: Was improved to a divided highway in 1958, with the section of the route leading into Dunmore moved to a new alignment. Catholic Church God Schools Relations with: The Catholic Church , also known as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played

30972-410: Was largely resolved in 1415–17 at the Council of Constance , with the claimants in Rome and Pisa agreeing to resign and the third claimant excommunicated by the cardinals, who held a new election naming Martin V pope. In 1438, the Council of Florence convened, which featured a strong dialogue focussed on understanding the theological differences between the East and West, with the hope of reuniting

31150-427: Was moved to a freeway bypass of Doylestown in 1976. The route was extended south from Philadelphia City Hall to its present terminus at I-95 in the 1980s, replacing a section of PA 291 . PA 611 begins at an interchange with I-95 (Delaware Expressway) in the South Philadelphia section of Philadelphia in Philadelphia County , heading north on Broad Street . South of I-95, Broad Street continues into The Navy Yard,

31328-501: Was numbered as PA 2 . With the creation of the U.S. Highway System in 1926, US 611 was designated concurrent with PA 2 along the Lackawanna Trail between Philadelphia City Hall in Philadelphia and parent route US 11 in Scranton. The entire length of US 611 was paved by 1926. In 1928, the concurrent PA 2 designation was removed from US 611. The same year, PA 191 was designated onto Broad Street in Philadelphia between Moyamensing Avenue and Philadelphia City Hall. In 1928, PA 827

31506-491: Was organized in 1889, an artifact of the historical split between Catholics and Protestants in the population of the borough. The two fire companies have a total membership of approximately 150 with 50 members composing the active firefighting crew. Elements of the British army passed through Jenkintown en route to the Battle of White Marsh in early December 1777. The Jenkins' Town Lyceum Building , Jenkintown-Wyncote station , and Strawbridge and Clothier Store are listed on

31684-416: Was the first bishop of Rome. Others say that the institution of the papacy is not dependent on the idea that Peter was bishop of Rome or even on his ever having been in Rome. Many scholars hold that a church structure of plural presbyters/bishops persisted in Rome until the mid-2nd century, when the structure of a single bishop and plural presbyters was adopted, and that later writers retrospectively applied

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